Inleiding

De Lalla Rookh Leerstoel werd na enkele jaren van voorbereiding operationeel op 1 september 2010. Ik werd benoemd op deze leerstoel en ging part-time aan de slag als bijzonder hoogleraar Hindostaanse migratie aan de Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam. Een van de eerste werkzaamheden was een reconstructie van de Hin­do­staanse contractarbeid (1873-1920). De Hin­do­staanse contractarbeiders waren Britse onderdanen en de Nederlandse regering i.c. de toenmalige Surinaamse overheid was verantwoordelijk voor hen. In Paramaribo werd een Britse consul gestationeerd die de belangen van de Hindostaanse contractarbeiders moest be­hartigen en rapporteren aan de Britse regering. Voorts was er veel correspondentie tussen de Britse regering en Nederlandse regering. Alle correspondentie, rapporten en andere documenten liggen opgeslagen in de Britse archieven. De twee belangrijkste instituten waar deze documenten zijn opgeslagen, zijn de National Archives en de British Library te London. Documenten van de vroegere India Office (India Office Records –IOR) zijn gedeponeerd in de British Library.

Een van mijn eerste activiteiten was het opmaken van een inventarislijst van gedeponeerde documenten over de Hindostaanse contractarbeid. Ik heb over de opkomst, het functioneren en de stopzetting van de Hindostaanse contractarbeid in Suriname een in­ven­tarisatie verricht en een inventarislijst van bijna 500 documenten/files in The National Archives en de British Library samengesteld op basis van grote databestanden van beide instituten. Er is kostbaar en informatief materiaal in deze archieven aanwezig die een gedetailleerder licht kunnen werpen op de opkomst, continuering en stopzetting van het indenture system (het contractarbeidsysteem) en de Hindostaanse (e)migratie naar Suriname (1873-1917/1924).

London

Ik heb Londen bezocht om de belangrijkste documenten te raadplegen bij deze instituten in Londen. De huidige Surinaamse ambassadeur in Nederland, Rajendre Khargi –toen secretaris en later voorzitter van de Leerstoel- en mijn echtgenote Bina Choenni-Makhan gingen mee. Zij hebben mij geholpen bij de literatuursearch in deze instituten. Ik heb slechts een deel van de documenten ingezien, gekopieerd en bestudeerd. Een groot deel heb ik echter niet kunnen inzien vanwege andere prioriteiten. Ik zal er niet meer aan toe komen deze documenten te bestuderen vanwege mijn huidige leeftijd (67,5 jaar) en andere prioriteiten. Daarom stel ik deze lijst ter beschikking aan onderzoekers, studenten en ook vrijwilligers. Zij kunnen Londen bezoeken en ter plekke de documenten inzien en/of bestuderen. De titels van deze documenten zijn digitaal vastgelegd in grote databases. De documenten over de Hindostaanse contractarbeid zijn door mij getraceerd en gerubriceerd. Door op aanvraagformulieren bij deze instituten de titels en codes in te vullen uit deze inventarislijst kunnen de documenten worden geleend. In de meeste gevallen mogen ze worden gekopieerd. Men hoeft dus niet zelf op zoek te gaan naar documenten, maar kan een selectie maken uit deze inventarislijst.

Lidmaatschapspas

Er bestaan ‘achterliggende’ studies, rapporten en notities (Minutes/notes) die veel tijd vergen om op te sporen bij deze instituten. Men moet overigens eerst ter plekke lid worden van het instituut. Dat kost geen geld; er wordt een pasfoto gemaakt en men krijgt vervolgens een lidmaatschapspas. Voor onderzoek moet men in elk geval minstens een paar dagen reserveren. Na het eerste oriëntatie bezoek en de verwerving van het lidmaatschapspas alsmede het inzien van documenten, kan men pas tijdens herhaalde bezoeken effectief aan het werk gaan. Uit de getraceerde titels van deze Britse documenten had ik een selectie gemaakt voor nadere bestudering. De indruk is dat veel documenten zich in relatieve goede staat bevinden. Dat bleek tijdens herhaaldelijke bezoeken in 2010. Afgaande op de titels bleek echter dat sommige documenten suggereren dat ze meer informatie bevatten dan feitelijk aanwezig bleek te zijn in de betreffende documenten. Zo zijn er documenten over de aankomst van schepen die echter weinig informatie bevatten. Ook de reports van de Britse consuls in Paramaribo bevatten vaak slechts indrukken en soms cijfers. Niettemin is het de moeite waard om alle documenten te bestuderen. Dit is echter een tijdrovende zaak. Degenen die onderzoek willen doen naar de Hindostaanse immigratie van India naar Suriname en de contractperiode in Suriname kunnen dit document als leidraad gebruiken.

Elf thema’s

Er is een rubricering gemaakt naar elf thema’s variërend van de aankomst van de (scheeps)transporten tot opstanden op plantages in Suriname. Er zijn enkele belangrijke rapporten die veel feitelijke informatie bevatten. Eén van de belangrijke rapporten is het rapport van de commissie onder leiding van Lord Sanderson (Reports of the Commissioners and Minutes) dat in 1910 is opgesteld. Dit rapport is een omvangrijk document dat een evaluatie is van het systeem en staat bekend als het Sanderson report. Dit rapport in twee delen (in totaal bijna 1.000 pagina’s) geeft ook aanbevelingen. Een tweede rapport is het rapport van Mac. Neill en Chimman Lal uit 1913 -gepubliceerd in 1914- die in de koloniën zijn geweest, waaronder ook in Suriname. Een ander belangrijk rapport is het rapport van dr. Comins uit 1894 – surgeon-major en tevens Protector of Emigrants (Beschermheer in Calcutta van de emigranten). Comins had voorgesteld om de per­ma­nente vestiging in Suriname aantrekkelijk te maken door de voormalige contractarbeiders een stuk land te geven en 100 gulden in ruil voor het recht op terugkeer. Uiteraard geven deze rapporten een beeld vanuit een bepaalde invalshoek. Niettemin is er veel materiaal aanwezig over feiten die na bestudering van deze rapporten en documenten een scherper beeld kunnen geven van dit bijzondere arbeidssysteem en de emigratie.

Het heeft veel tijd en moeite gekost om uit de bestanden van The National Archives en de British Library deze inventarisatie samen te stellen. De medewerkers zijn deskundig en hulpvaardig, maar het duurt enige tijd alvorens de documenten zijn gevonden en men deze kan inzien. Bepaalde documenten mogen worden gekopieerd; de overige relevante teksten kunnen met potlood worden overgeschreven. Voor nadere in­for­matie over de achtergronden van de Hindostaanse contractarbeid zij verwezen naar mijn omvangrijke studie (735 pagina’s) Hindostaanse con­tractarbeiders uit 2012.

Rapportages van de Britse consuls

Op basis van bestudering van enkele rapportages van de Britse consuls in Paramaribo is het volgende beeld verkregen. De rapporten die in principe jaarlijks door Britse consul werden opgesteld beslaan meestal 4-6 pagina’s getypt. Ze geven over het algemeen een indruk van cijfers over aantallen emigranten in Suriname en hun gezondheidssituatie. Soms wordt een verzoek ingediend aan Britse regering of via de Britse regering aan de regering in Brits-India. Ook bestond de Government of Bengal, tegenwoordig de staten Bengalen en Bihar. De emigratie agentschappen en andere voorzieningen in Calcutta vielen onder deze Government. Niet uitgesloten dient te worden dat er in de archieven van de toenmalige Bengaalse Government belangrijke documenten te vinden zijn. Tijdens een bezoek in 2015 aan deze archives van de West Bengal Government (gelegen in buurt van de universiteit) in Kolkata/Calcutta bleek dat er documenten daar zijn. Er moet echter toestemming worden verkregen om deze in te zien. Het betreft onder meer ‘Financial reports’ waarin belastingen op schepen en dergelijke worden vermeld. De indruk is dat de Britse consuls als belangenbehartiger van Britse regering en van de emigranten (zij waren Britse onderdanen!) vaak in conflict kwamen met de Surinaamse i.c. Nederlandse regering, de Agent Generaal en vertegenwoordigers van de planters. Er is overigens niet van elk jaar een rapportage gevonden.

Ik dank het bestuur van de Leerstoel Lalla Rookh en in het bijzonder Rajendre Khargi voor de vruchtbare  werkperiode 2010-2015. Ik dank tevens Radjin Thakoerdin, directeur van Hindorama.com voor technische opmaak van dit document.

INHOUD

I. Rapporten/rapportages over het indenture system

II. Notities over vertrek en aankomst van schepen, inspecties en voorzieningen

III. Klachten en behandeling van Hindostaanse con­tract­arbeiders

1. Terugkeer
2. Remittances (geldovermakingen)
3. Stakingen, opstanden en het leven op de plantages

VII. Arbeidsomstandigheden en arbeidsconflicten

VIII. Regelingen, voorzieningen en tekort aan vrouwen

1. Voorzieningen op schepen en reacties op rapport Comins
2. Benoemingen officials, regelingen en be­richten (despatches)
3. Casus Sukdai, casus Westmaas, erfenissen, onderwijs en leprozen

I. Rapporten/rapportages over het indenture system

1.1 Indian emigration to Crown colonies; Report of the Colonial Office Committee IOR/L/PJ/6/885, File 2876 3 Aug 1908-14 Oct 1910

The Lord Sanderson report 1910. Gevonden: wordt gekopieerd

1.2 Indian emigration to Crown colonies; Report of the Colonial Office Committee IOR/L/PJ/6/885, File 2876  3 Aug 1908-14 Oct 1910. Reactions

1.3 J. Mac Neill and Chimman Lal, Report on the condition of Indian immigrants in the four b.c and Dutch colony of Surinam, Simla 1914.

1.4 Surinam in FO 37 . Consular department general correspondence from 1906 in FO 369 has some files on “coolies

1.5 File R/C 534. 1916 c-29 Emigration. Proposals for the prohibition of indentured emigration to the Colonies.  IOR/R/2/746/302 1916

1.6 File J and P 4522:1915..judicial and Public Department of the India Office

.. indentured Emigration from India –Discontinuance. Niet naar gezocht .see H. Tinker 1974:403

1.7 J. Geoghehan, Note on emigration from India, 1873: IOR/V/27/820/1

1.8 Panchanan Saha, Emigration of Indian Labour 1834-1900 (Delhi, 1970)

1.9 Indentured Labour in the British Empire 1834-1920, ed. Kay Saunders (Oxford, 1984)

1.10 Report by Colonel D.G. Pitcher on emigration…recruitment..? .forwarded 25 september 1882/1883…..government of Bengal? 

 1.11 IOR/V/27/820/6 Comins, D W D., Note on emigration from the East Indies to Surinam or Dutch Guiana. Calcutta, 1892.

1.12 IOR/V/27/820/29 India. Commerce and Industry Department, Report on the condition of Indian immigrants in the four British colonies: Trinidad, British Guiana or Demerara, Jamaica and Fiji, and in the Dutch colony of Surinam or Dutch Guiana: Part 1: Trinidad and British Guiana. Simla, 1914

1.13 IOR/V/27/820/30 India. Commerce and Industry Department, Report on the condition of Indian immigrants in the four British colonies: Trinidad, British Guiana or Demerara, Jamaica and Fiji, and in the Dutch colony of Surinam or Dutch Guiana: Part 2: Surinam, Jamaica, Fiji and general remarks. Simla, 1914

1.14 W621 Report on Colonial Emigration from the Bengal Presidency, George A. Grierson, 1883

De jaarlijkse rapporten van de Protector of Emigrants

1.15 V/24/1208 Annual Report on Emigration from the Port of Calcutta to British and Foreign Colonies, by the Protector of Emigrants 1874-75

1.16 V/24/1209 Annual Report on Emigration from the Port of Calcutta to British and Foreign Colonies, by the Protector of Emigrants 1876/77-1880/81

1.17 V/24/1210 Annual Report on Emigration from the Port of Calcutta to British and Foreign Colonies, by the Protector of Emigrants 1881/82-1885

1.18 V/24/1211 Annual Report on Emigration from the Port of Calcutta to British and Foreign Colonies, by the Protector of Emigrants1886-1890

1.19 V/24/1212 Annual Report on Emigration from the Port of Calcutta to British and Foreign Colonies, by the Protector of Emigrants 1891-1910

1.20 V/24/1213 Annual Report on Emigration from the Port of Calcutta to British and Foreign Colonies, by the Protector of Emigrants 1911-1922

P/169, pages 178-183 (Pros.nos.9-18)	Sep 1872 1.21	Emigration to the Dutch Colony of Surinam
P/170, pages 53-80 (Pros.nos.10-34)	Feb 1873 1.22	Contract for immigration to Surinam
P/170, pages 120-121 (Pros.nos.3-4, File 34)	Apr 1873 1.23	Emigration to Surinam
P/170, pages 239-256 (Pros.nos.4-7, File 68)	Sep 1873 1.24	Annual Report on Colonial and Foreign Emigration for the year 1872-1873, by J.G. Garrow Grant, Protector of Emigrants, Calcutta
P/171, pages 231-259 (Pros.nos.4-6, File 78)	Nov 1874 1.25	Annual Report on Colonial and Foreign Emigration for the year 1873-1874, by J.G. Grant, Protector of Emigrants, Calcutta
P/872, pages 157-170 (Pros.nos.3-5, File 25)	Nov 1876 1.26	Annual Report on Emigration to British and Foreign Colonies for the year ending 31stMarch 1876, by J.G. Grant, Protector of Emigrants, Calcutta
P/872, pages 55-76 (Pros.nos.13-15, File 25)	Feb 1876 1.27	Annual Report on Emigration to British and Foreign Colonies for the year ending 31stMarch 1875, by J.G. Grant, Protector of Emigrants, Calcutta
P/1152, pages 201-208a (Pros.nos.7-11, File 28)	Sep 1878 1.28	Annual Report on Colonial Emigration for 1877-1878, by Dr V. Richards, Officiating Protector of Emigrants, Calcutta
P/1481, pages 23-28 (Pros.nos.2-4, File 16)	Nov 1880 1.29	Resolution reviewing the report of the Protector of Emigrants on emigration to the colonies during the year ending 31st March 1880

Onderzoeksrapporten/studies

P/171, pages 75-79 (Pros.nos.59 & 60, File 20)	Jul 1874 1.30	Report on the position and condition of British Indian immigrants in the Colony of Surinam by A. Cohen, Her Britannic Majesty’s Vice-Consul at Surinam
P/171, pages 81-85 (Pros.nos.61 & 62, File 20)	Jul 1874 1.31	Contract with Emigrants proceeding to Surinam
P/171, pages 80-83 (Pros.nos.5 & 6, File 43)	Sep 1875 1.32	Emigration to Surinam
P/872, pages 149-155 (Pros.nos.1 & 2, File 54)	Nov 1876 1.33	Surinam Immigration Report for the year 1875
P/872, pages 197-208 (Pros.nos.10 & 11, File 54)	Dec 1876 1.34	General Report on Surinam and Immigration by Her Majesty’s Consul at Surinam
P/872, pages 101-145 (Pros.nos.7-19, File 23)	Jun 1877 1.35	Contract with Emigrants proceeding to Surinam
P/872, pages 165-170 (Pros.nos.3 & 4, File 23B)	Nov 1877 1.36	Surinam Immigration Report for the year 1876
P/1307, pages 31-36 (Pros.nos.1-3, File 22)	Feb 1879 1.37	Report on Indian Immigration in Surinam during the year 1877
P/1307, pages 29-30 (Pro.no.2, File 11)	Aug 1879 1.38	Emigration to Surinam
P/1307, pages 129-136 (Pros.nos.54-57, File 22)	Dec 1879 1.39	Colonial Immigration Report for Surinam
P/4981, pages 979-991 (Pro.no.12, File no.53 of 1896)	Aug 1896 1.40	Surinam Immigration Report for 1895
P/5210, pages 1147-1164 (Pro.no.5, File no.72 of 1897)	Nov 1897 1.41	Surinam Immigration Report, 1896
P/5442, pages 653-660 (Pros.no.7 & 8, File no.25 of 1898)	Apr 1898 1.42	Report on repatriated emigrants from British Guiana and Surinam
P/5442, pages 1059-1082a (Pros.nos.3 & 4, File no.59 of 1898)	Oct 1898 1.43	Special report by Mr Sidney Churchill, Her Majesty’s Consul at Paramaribo, on Indian immigration into Surinam during the years 1895, 1986 and 1897
P/5442, page 1397 (Pro.no.12, File no.59 of 1898)	Dec 1898 1.44	Abstract of the Report of the Immigration Department in Surinam for the year 1897
P/5899, pages 353-363 (Pros.nos.19-22, File no.74 of 1899)	Mar 1900 1.45	Abstract of the Report of the Immigration Department in Surinam for the year 1898

1.46 Item: Emigration to Surinam: Consul’s Report for 1879 – ref. IOR/L/PJ/6/23, File 1393 – date: 4 Oct 1880

1.47 FILE: Judicial and Public Annual files 901-969, IOR/L/PJ/6/178:

• Item: Emigration to Surinam; Consul’s Report, 1885 – ref. IOR/L/PJ/6/178, File 939 – date: 1 Jul 1886

1.48 FILE: Judicial and Public Annual Files 411-500, IOR/L/PJ/6/223:

• Item: Emigration to Surinam; Consul’s Report on Immigration for 1886 – ref. IOR/L/PJ/6/223, File 425 – date: 19 Mar 1888

1.49 FILE: Judicial and Public Annual Files 1011-1100, IOR/L/PJ/6/229:

• Item: Emigration to Surinam; Report for 1887 – ref. IOR/L/PJ/6/229, File 1028 – date: 16 Jul 1888

1.50 Emigration to Surinam; Consul’s Report for 1890 IOR/L/PJ/6/303, File 1284 8 Aug 1891

1.51 FILE: Judicial and Public Annual Files 1091-1170, IOR/L/PJ/6/324:

• Item: Emigration to Surinam; Immigration Report for 1891 – ref. IOR/L/PJ/6/324, File 1166 – date: 25 Jul 1892

1.52 FILE: Judicial and Public Annual files 1311-1400, IOR/L/PJ/6/352:

1.53 Emigration to Surinam; – ref. IOR/L/PJ/6/352, Files 1392 & 1393 – date: 18 Jul 1893

1.54 Emigration to Surinam; Report on British Indian immigration, 1892 IOR/L/PJ/6/353, File 1443 27 Jul 1893

1.55 Item: Emigration to Surinam; – ref. IOR/L/PJ/6/366, Files 165 & 166 – date: 30 Jan 1894

1.56 Item: Emigration to Surinam; Report for 1893 – ref. IOR/L/PJ/6/398, File 996 – date: 14 Jun 1895

1.57 Item: Emigration to Surinam; Immigration Report for 1894 – ref. IOR/L/PJ/6/403, File 1456 – date: 26 Aug 1895

1.58FILE: Judicial and Public Annual Files 2202-2249, IOR/L/PJ/6/435:

• Item: Emigration to Surinam; – ref. IOR/L/PJ/6/435, File 2204 – date: 11 Jan-10 Dec 1896

1.59 FILE: Judicial and Public Annual Files 1701-1800A, IOR/L/PJ/6/519:

Item: Emigration to Surinam; the British Consul’s Report on Indian immigrants in Surinam for 1898 – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/519, File 1711 – date: 8 Sep 1899

1.60 FILE: Surinam; Report of the Immigration Dept for 1901 and the British Consul’s review – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/625, File 151 – date: 20 Jan 1903

1.61 FILE: Judicial and Public Annual Files 2001-2100, IOR/L/PJ/6/492:

• Item: Correspondence on emigration to Surinam – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/492, File 2003  – date: 2 Feb 1898-13 Oct 1898

1.62 FILE: Judicial and Public Annual Files 803-900, IOR/L/PJ/6/509:

• Item: Emigration of free coolies from Dutch Surinam to Cayenne – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/509, File 866  – date: 1 May 1899

1.63 Emigration to Surinam; the British Consul’s Report on Indian immigrants in Surinam for 1898  IOR/L/PJ/6/519, File 1711  8 Sep 1899

1.64 FILE: Emigration to Surinam; Annual Report for 1899 – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/555, File 2194 – date: 26 Nov 1900

1.65 FILE: Report of HM’s Consul at Paramaribo on the position of British Indian subjects in Surinam – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/604, File 1342  – date: 4 Jul 1902

1.66 Surinam; Report of the Immigration Dept for 1901 and the British Consul’s review  IOR/L/PJ/6/625, File 151  20 Jan 1903

1.67 FILE: Indian Emigration to Surinam; Report for 1903 – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/716, File 1033  – date: 10 Apr 1905

1.68 FILE: Indian immigrants in Surinam; Report for 1904 – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/744, File 224  – date: 24 Jan 1906

1.69 Indian immigrants in Surinam; the Consul’s Report  for 1905  IOR/L/PJ/6/788, File 3999  28 nov  1906

1.70 FILE: Indian emigration to Surinam – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/849, File 612  – date: 8 Jan 1908-24 Apr 1908

1.71 FILE: Indian immigration into Surinam; report for 1907 – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/912, File 4850  – date: 28 Dec 1908

1.72 Indian emigration to Surinam  IOR/L/PJ/6/849, File 612  8 Jan 1908-24 Apr 1908

Er liggen ook rapporten/notities over verandering i.c. aanpassing van de regelingen i.c.  het indenture system en de (gemoeds)toestand van de Hindostaanse contractarbeiders in de British Library.

1.73 P/170, pages 375-37(Pros.nos.1 3, File 34)	Oct 1873	Surinam Contract
1.74 P/170, pages 391 (Pro.no.15, File 34)	Oct 1873	Terms of contract by Emigrants for Dutch Guiana
1.75 P/171, pages 223-238 (Pros.nos.18-22, File 20)	Jun 1874	Alterations in the form of contract for emigrants to Dutch Guiana

1.76 FILE: Judicial and Public Annual Files 1-50, IOR/L/PJ/6/1:

• Item: Negotiations with Netherlands government over resumption of emigration of Indian labourers to Surinam – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/1, File 39  – date: Dec 1879-Jan 1880

1.77 Negotiations with Netherlands government over resumption of emigration of Indian labourers to Surinam  IOR/L/PJ/6/1, File 39  Dec 1879-Jan 1880

1.78 FILE: Judicial and Public Annual Files 51-82, IOR/L/PJ/6/2:

• Item: Emigration to Surinam: interpretation of Act XX of Convention with Netherlands regarding separation of husband and wife – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/2, File 55  – date: Nov 1879-Jan 1880

1.79 FILE: Judicial and Public Annual Files 1741-1837, IOR/L/PJ/6/84:

Item: Emigration to Surinam: – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/84, File 1752  – date: 16 Oct 1882

1.80 Item: Emigration to Cayenne (Surinam); Abstract of a report of the Vice-Consul – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/178, File 942  – date: 2 Jul 1886

1.81 Item: Emigration to Cayenne and Surinam; coolie immigrants and the disputed territory – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/238, File 1657  – date: 5 Nov 1888

1.82  Item: Emigration to Surinam; Observations by Govt of India on the report on coolie emigration to Surinam for 1885 – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/187, File 1745  – date: 5 Oct 1886

1.82  Emigration to Surinam; remarks on Immigration Report for 1887; regulations for contracting marriages among Indian immigrants invited from Netherlands Govt  IOR/L/PJ/6/239, File 1733  30 Oct 1888

1.83 FILE: Judicial and Public Annual Files 1677-1760, IOR/L/PJ/6/239:

• Item: Emigration to Surinam; remarks on Immigration Report for 1887; regulations for contracting marriages among Indian immigrants invited from Netherlands Govt – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/239, File 1733  – date: 30 Oct 1888

1.84 FILE: Judicial and Public Annual Files 1082-1170, IOR/L/PJ/6/256:

Item: Emigration to Surinam; Report for 1888; question of extending permanent residence in the colony – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/256, Files 1062 & 1094  – date: 25-28 Jun 1889

1.85 FILE: Judicial and Public Annual Files 372-433, IOR/L/PJ/6/246:

• Item: Emigration to French Guiana & Surinam; completion of registers of British Indian immigrants – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/246, File 377  – date: 6 Mar 1889

1.86  Emigration to Surinam; inspection made by the Consul of coolies in the Commewyne District – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/279, File 1076  – date: 24 Jun 1890

1.87 FILE: Judicial and Public Annual Files 1005-1100, IOR/L/PJ/6/279:

• Item: Emigration to Surinam; Report for 1889 – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/279, File 1014  – date: 10 Jun 1890

1.88 FILE: Judicial and Public Annual Files 1702-1800, IOR/L/PJ/6/287:

Item: Emigration to Surinam; number Indian immigrants who have settled in the colony – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/287, File 1732  – date: 2 Oct 1890

1.89 Annual Report on Emigration from the Port of Calcutta to British and Foreign Colonies, 1890  IOR/L/PJ/6/306, File 1732  30 Sep 1891

1.90 FILE: Judicial and Public Annual Files 1501-1600, IOR/L/PJ/6/380:

• Item: Emigration to Surinam; Report from Acting British Consul on his inspection of fifteen estates where Indian immigrants are employed – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/380, File 1577  – date: 8 Sep 1894

1.91  FILE: Judicial and Public Annual Files 1405-1497, IOR/L/PJ/6/403:

• Item: Emigration to Surinam; inducements offered by Surinam Govt to coolies to settle permanently in the colony – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/403, File 1455 – date: 26 Aug 1895

1.92 FILE: Reports concerning the condition of Indian immigrants in Surinam – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/729, Files 2238 & 2239  – date: 25 Jul 1905

1.93  IOR/L/PJ/6/802, File 894  19 mar 1907.. proposed amalgamation of the Colonial emigration agencies in Calcutta

1.94  IOR/L/PJ/6/790, File 8422  17 dec 1906.. proposal removal Colonial emigration agencies from Calcutta

1.95 Indian immigrants in Surinam; report by the British Consul of his inspection of the railway works  IOR/L/PJ/6/753, File 903  27 Mar 1906

1.96 Proposed modifications  of the conditions of emigration  IOR/L/PJ/6/792, File 32  1 jan  1907

II. Notities over vertrek en aankomst van schepen, inspecties en voorzieningen 

P/171, pages 373-408 (Pros.nos.39-49, File 87)	Dec 1874 2.1		Voyage of the “Kate Kellock” to Surinam and the misconduct of Dr Bepin Behari Dutt, Surgeon-Superintendent
P/171, pages 85-89 (Pros.nos.9 & 10, File 20)	Sep 1875 2.2		Surgeon’s with Emigrant Vessels
L/PJ/3/200, pages 5 and 8	14 Jan 1880 2.3	Extension of the Emigration season to Surinam
L/PJ/3/204, pages 567-588	9 Dec 1884 2.4	Mortality on board the British ship “Sheila” during her voyage from Calcutta to Surinam in the season of 1882-83
P/1633, pages 5-13 (Pros.nos.28-33, File 16)	May 1881 2.5		Reports of ships carrying emigrants to the colonies: high mortality among the emigrants under conveyance to Surinam on the “Ailsa”
P/4567, pages 375-376 (Pro.no.22, File no.37)	Mar 1894 2.6		Arrival at Surinam of the S.S. Grecian 1with emigrants for Calcutta
P/4766, pages 47-48 (Pros.nos.14 & 15, File no.10)	Jan 1895 2.7		Extension of the Emigration season for Surinam in the case of the Ship “Erne”III
P/5666, pages 627-628 (Pro.no.15, File no.15 of 1899)	Feb 1899 2.8		Despatch of the ship “Erne” IV to Surinam with from 10 to 20 women short of the established proportion

2.9 Item: Emigration to Surinam; nominal rolls of emigrants on the ship The Bruce – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/261, File 1567  – date: 17 Aug 1889

2.10 FILE: Judicial and Public Annual File 1-99, IOR/L/PJ/6/268:

Item: Emigration to Surinam; arrival of emigrants from Calcutta per the Elbe; 1 great mortality during voyage – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/268, File 54  – date: 9 Jan 1890

2.11 FILE: Judicial and Public Annual Files 417-473, IOR/L/PJ/6/9:

Item: Arrival of ship Ailsa  I at Surinam with immigrants from Calcutta – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/9, File 441  – date: Mar-Apr 1880

2.12 Item: Emigration to Surinam: Arrival of the Ailsa II   with coolies from Calcutta; mortality during voyage – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/29, File 42  – date: 6 Jan 1881

2.13 FILE: Judicial and Public Annual Files 208-275, IOR/L/PJ/6/65:

1tem: Emigration to Surinam: Arrival of the British ship Ailsa III   with coolies from Calcutta – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/65, File 269  – date: 14 Feb 1882

2.14 FILE: Judicial and Public Annual Files 707-779, IOR/L/PJ/6/40:

• Item: [1] Emigration to Surinam: Arrival of the British Statesman  I with high mortality rate [2] Emigration to Mauritius: Arrival of the Vimeira; mortality list and medical report still not received – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/40, File 764  – date: 27 May 1881

2.15 FILE: Judicial and Public Annual Files 1881-1980, IOR/L/PJ/6/109:

• Item: Emigration to Surinam; Reporting departure of Indian immigrants from Calcutta – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/109, File 1913  – date: 27 Oct 1883  British nation 1

2.16 FILE: Judicial and Public Annual Files 133-239, IOR/L/PJ/6/146:

• Item: Emigration to Surinam; The British Nation II  bound for Surinam; report of St Helena Emigration Agent – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/146, File 184  – date: 29 Jan 1885

2.17 Item: Emigration to Surinam; arrival of the emigrant ship The Bruce at Paramaribo – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/245, File 276  – date: 20 Feb 1889

2.18 Item: Emigration to Surinam; arrival of the British ship Erne  1 with emigrants from Calcutta – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/278, File 948  – date: 30 May 1890

2.19 FILE: Judicial and Public Annual Files 2101-2268, IOR/L/PJ/6/291:

• Item: Emigration to Surinam; arrival of coolies from Calcutta per the Rhine – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/291, File 2158  – date: 16 Dec 1890

2.20 FILE: Judicial and Public Annual Files 1001-1120, IOR/L/PJ/6/302:

• Item: Emigration to Surinam; arrival of the Hereford with emigrants from Calcutta – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/302, File 1010  – date: 19 Jun 1891

2.21 FILE: Judicial and Public Annual Files 1-91, IOR/L/PJ/6/336:

• Item: Emigration to Surinam; arrival of the British Peer with emigrants from Calcutta – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/336, File 1  – date: 30 Dec 1892

2.22 Item: Emigration to Surinam; arrival of the Erne 11 from Calcutta with 531 immigrants – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/374, File 965  – date: 2 Jun 1894

2.23 FILE: Judicial and Public Annual Files 892-1000, IOR/L/PJ/6/322:

• Item: Emigration to Surinam; arrival of immigrants from Calcutta – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/322, File 934  – date: 8 Jun 1892 Lena 1?

2.24  FILE: Judicial and Public Annual Files 2001-2100, IOR/L/PJ/6/409:

• Item: Emigration to Surinam; arrival at Paramaribo of the Grecian  II with 557 immigrants – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/409, File 2095  – date: 30 Nov 1895

2.25 FILE: Judicial and Public Annual Files 903-997, IOR/L/PJ/6/510:

Item: Emigration to Surinam; report on the arrival of the Erne  IV with 624 emigrants from Calcutta – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/510, File 936  – date: 13 May 1899

2.26 FILE: Surinam; despatch reporting the arrival of 654 British Indian coolies from Calcutta – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/628, File 412  – date: 26 Feb 1903 Rhone I

2.27 FILE: Inspection of a coolie ship at Cape Town on its way to Surinam – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/626, File 270  – date: 10 Feb 1903 Rhone ?1

2.28 FILE: Inspection of coolie ships at Cape Town on their way to Surinam – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/635, File 1027  – date: 22 May 1903

2.29  FILE: Indian emigration to Surinam; arrival at Paramaribo of 172 immigrants – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/743, File 14  – date: 30 Dec 1905 Rhone II

2.30 FILE: Judicial and Public Annual Files 817-900, IOR/L/PJ/6/252:

• Item: Emigration to Surinam; arrival at Paramaribo, from Calcutta, of the emigrant vessel, Ganges – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/252, File 889  – date: 28 May 1889

2.31 FILE: Judicial and Public Annual Files 502-598, IOR/L/PJ/6/505:

• Item: Emigration to Surinam; Letter from the Protector of Emigrants; copies of agreements entered into with Compounders, Interpreters and Topazes engaged for the immigrant ship Erne IV – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/505, File 583  – date: 9 Mar 1899

2.32 FILE: Emigration to Surinam; Reporting the arrival at Paramaribo of the ship Mersey with 687 Indian immigrants from Calcutta – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/595, File 439  – date: 3 Mar 1902

2.33  FILE: Judicial and Public Annual Files 164-272, IOR/L/PJ/6/91:

• Item: Emigration to Surinam: Report on serious mortality amongst Indian immigrants on board the British ship Sheila arriving at Fort New Amsterdam (cause of mortality said to be cholera) – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/91, File 245  – date: 20 Jan-13 Feb 1883

2.34  FILE: Judicial and Public Annual Files 461-574, IOR/L/PJ/6/94:

• Item: Emigration to Surinam: Arrival of the Sheila with coolies from Calcutta; excessive mortality during the voyage stated to be from Asiatic cholera – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/94, File 561  – date: 13 Feb-1 May 1883

2.35  663  – date: 20 Apr-31 May 1883

• Item: Emigration to Surinam: the ‘charter party’ of the British immigrant ship Sheila – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/96, File 708  – date: 1 May 1883

2.36 FILE: Judicial and Public Annual Files 823-879, IOR/L/PJ/6/98:

Item: Emigration to Surinam: mortality on board the ship Sheila – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/98, File 825  – date: 17 May 1883

2.37 .FILE: Judicial and Public Annual Files 1131-1280, IOR/L/PJ/6/102:

• Item: Emigration to Surinam: minute of the Quarantine Board of British Guiana on the case of the British ship Sheila, put in quarantine off British Guiana after cholera during voyage with coolies from Calcutta – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/102, File 1242  – date: 27 Jul 1883

2.38  FILE: Judicial and Public Annual Files 2548-2578, IOR/L/PJ/6/143:

• Item: Emigration to Surinam; Mortality on board the Sheila on her voyage from Calcutta to Surinam during 1882/1883 – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/143, File 2549  – date: 9 Dec 1884

2.39 FILE: Judicial and Public Annual Files 413-540, IOR/L/PJ/6/149:

• Item: Emigration to Surinam; inspection at St Helena of the ship Sheila  II carrying coolies from Calcutta to Surinam – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/149, File 484  – date: 13 Mar 1885

2.40 24 dec 1906 Report of inspection of the emigrant ship Avon II IOR/L/PJ/6/796, File 350

2.41 7 mar 1907 Arrival of  immigrants at Paramaribo from Calcutta  Avon II? IOR/L/PJ/6/801, File 744

2.42 Emigration to Surinam;  IOR/L/PJ/6/366, Files 165 & 166  30 Jan 1894
[1] Arrival of the Grecian with emigrants from Calcutta
[2] Complaint by a female emigrant that she was shipped under false pretences (she thought that she had been indentured for Demerara)

2.43 Emigration to Surinam; repatriation of time-expired immigrants IOR/L/PJ/6/263, File 1938  28 Oct 1889
(with list of names of immigrants returning to Calcutta in the ship Jumna)

2.44 Emigration to Surinam (Dutch Guiana): Regarding proportion of women shipped from Calcutta to Surinam in 1880-81; deficiency of 56 women postponed until 1881-82  IOR/L/PJ/6/31, File 143  12 Jan 1881

 

III. Klachten en behandeling van Hindostaanse contractar­beiders

3.1 FILE: Judicial and Public Annual Files 2053-2113, IOR/L/PJ/6/111:

Item: Emigration to Surinam; complaints of ill-treatment made by Indian coolies – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/111, File 2071  – date: 30 Oct 1883 ???

3.2 FILE: Judicial and Public Annual Files 433-570, IOR/L/PJ/6/120:

Item: Emigration to Surinam; question of ill-treatment complained of by certain immigrants – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/120, File 469  – date: 6 Mar 1884

3.3 FILE: Judicial and Public Annual Files 541-637, IOR/L/P/J/6/150:

• Item: Emigration to Surinam re instructions to be forwarded to the Acting British Consul at Surinam to institute confidential inquiries into allegations of mistreatment by Indian immigrants – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/150, File 633  – date: 4 Apr 1884

3.4 FILE: Judicial and Public Annual Files 1472-1568, IOR/L/PJ/6/160:

• Item: Emigration to Surinam; Acting British Consul’s report on a Memorial from certain immigrants on several grievances including the want of an interpreter – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/160, File 1532  – date: 21 Aug 1885

3.5 FILE: Judicial and Public Annual Files 317-430, IOR/L/PJ/6/171:

• Item: Emigration to Surinam; despatch on the imperfect nature of the administration of estates of deceased coolies – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/171, File 319  – date: 1 Feb-1 Mar 1886

3.6 FILE: Judicial and Public Annual Files 1200-1290, IOR/L/PJ/6/231:

• Item: Emigration to Surinam; Statement of Crimes and Punishments of British Indian Immigrants during 1887; resort of coolies to a disputed territory between French and Dutch Guiana for gold digging– ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/231, Files 1200 & 1205  – date: 17 & 18 Apr 1888

3.7 Item: Emigration to Surinam; a note from the Netherlands Govt respecting the treatment of Indian immigrants in Surinam – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/299, File 606 – date: 31 Mar 1891

3.8 Item: Emigration to Surinam; ill-treatment of Indians in prisons – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/300, File 752  – date: 28 Apr 1891

3.9 Item: Emigration to Surinam; despatches from HM’s Consul regarding treatment of British Indian coolies – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/301, File 839 – date: 16 May 1891

3.10 Item: Emigration to Surinam; treatment of Indian immigrant labourers; ill-treatment of prisoners – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/301, File 865  – date: 16 & 19 May 1891

3.11 Item: Emigration to Surinam; punishment of British Indian coolies by imprisonment in irons – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/306, File 1676 – date: 8 Oct 1891

3.12 Item: Emigration to Surinam; punishment by imprisonment in irons – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/306, File 1752 – date: 19 Oct 1891

3.13 FILE: Judicial and Public Annual Files 577-636, IOR/L/PJ/6/318:

• Item: Emigration to Surinam; groundless complaints made by certain British Indian Immigrants on return to Calcutta – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/318, File 611  – date: 8 Apr 1892

3.14 FILE: Judicial and Public Annual Files 1121-1300, IOR/L/PJ/6/303:

• Item: Emigration to Surinam; ill-treatment of Indian coolie immigrants in prison – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/303, File 1166  – date: 22 Jul 1891

3.15 Item: Emigration to Surinam; practice of punishing Indians by imprisonment in irons – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/303, File 1201 – date: 25 Jul 1891

3.16 FILE: Judicial and Public Annual Files 501-597, IOR/L/PJ/6/394:

• Item: Petition from Mr J L Dunnett requesting enquires to be made about his wife said to be in Surinam – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/394, File 516  – date: 13 Mar 1895

3.17 FILE: Judicial and Public Annual Files 1101-1200, IOR/L/PJ/6/400:

• Item: Enquiries regarding Mrs Ellen Dunnett in Surinam – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/400, File 1178 – date: 16 Jul 1895

3.18 Emigration to Surinam re instructions to be forwarded to the Acting British Consul at Surinam to institute confidential inquiries into allegations of mistreatment by Indian immigrants  IOR/L/PJ/6/150, File 633  4 Apr 1884

from 1873 to June, 1890 – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/281, File 1250  – date: 22 Jul 1890

3.19 Emigration to Surinam; despatches from HM’s Consul regarding treatment of British Indian coolies  IOR/L/PJ/6/301, File 839  16 May 1891

3.20 Emigration to Surinam; a note from the Netherlands Govt respecting the treatment of Indian immigrants in Surinam  IOR/L/PJ/6/299, File 606  31 Mar 1891

3.21 FILE: Judicial and Public Annual Files 201-299, IOR/L/PJ/6/501:

Item: Despatch from HM Consul at Paramaribo (Surinam) reporting on his visits to estates employing British Indian labourers – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/501, File 264  – date: 9 Feb 1899

3.22 IOR/L/PJ/6/819, File 2362  17 july 1907. Questions Sital Prasad

IV. Terugkeer

 

L/PJ/3/201, pages 431-436		23 May 1881 4.1	Proposal to place Surinam on the same footing in regard to the return passage of immigrants from India as the British West India possessions
L/PJ/3/203, pages 571 and 574		15 Sep 1883 4.2	Indian Interpreter for the British Consul at Surinam, and free return passages for immigrants
L/PJ/3/207, pages 117 and 120		1 Mar 1887 4.3	Remittance of small sums for the Indian immigrants in Surinam to their families in India
L/PJ/3/209, pages 25 and 28		12 Mar 1889 4.4	Remittances to India of Indian immigrants in Surinam
L/PJ/3/210, pages 13-28		25 Mar 1890 4.5	Question of the extension of the period of residence entitling Indian immigrants in Surinam to a free return passage to India
L/PJ/3/211, pages 59-68		4 Feb 1891 54 4.6	Question of the extension of the period of residence entitling Indian immigrants in Surinam to a free return passage to India
P/1307, pages 69-70 (Pros.nos.92-95, File 7)		Apr 1879 4.7	Return Emigrants
P/1307, pages 85-87 (Pros.nos.195 & 196, File 7)		Dec 1879 4.8	Return Emigrants
P/1481, pages 36-37 (Pros.nos.19-21, File 4)		Feb 1880 4.9	Return Emigrants
L/PJ/3/200, pages 301-304	6 Jul 1880 4.10		Time-expired Indian immigrants in Surinam who were to have returned to India by the “St Kilda”
L/PJ/6/1635	File 7050 Repatriation of Indians from the West Indies, Surinam and Fiji Jul 1919-Jul 1921 4.11

4.12 FILE: Judicial and Public Annual Files 1124-1190, IOR/L/PJ/6/20:

• Item: Emigration to Dutch Guiana (Surinam): Question of length of first service giving claim to return passage for immigrants – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/20, File 1146 – date: 20 Aug 1880: 2 Sep 1880

4.13 FILE: Judicial and Public Annual Files 781-879, IOR/L/PJ/6/41:

• Item: Emigration to Dutch Guiana (Surinam) Question of extending the period of entitlement for a free return passage to India [a term of ten years instead of five years indenture] – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/41, File 842 – date: 23 May 1881

4.14 FILE: Judicial and Public Annual Files 1003-1049, IOR/L/PJ/6/44:

• Item: Emigration to Surinam: R Kirke and James Grierson acknowledge receipt of Govt of India’s decision to place the colony as British West Indies regarding the return passage of East Indian coolies- ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/44, File 1011 – date: 16 Jul 1881

• Item: Acknowledgement of letter accompanying copies of a despatch from the Indian Govt on return passage of coolies from Surinam – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/44, File 1039 – date: 21 Jul 1881

4.16 FILE: Judicial and Public Annual Files 1261-1382, IOR/L/PJ/6/79:

Item: Emigration to Surinam: Renewed application of the Netherlands for extension from 5 to 10 years of the final contract entitling Indian coolie immigrants to a free return passage to India – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/79, File 1277  – date: 1 Aug 1882

4.17 FILE: Papers on emigration to Surinam; questions of education and repatriation – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/661, File 254  – date: 15 Jun 1903-3 Nov 1904

4.18 FILE: Repatriation of Indian immigrants in Surinam – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/705, File 23  – date: 2 Jan 1905

4.19 FILE: Repatriation of Indian immigrants in Surinam; reply of the Netherlands Govt – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/713, File 681

4.20 FILE: Indian emigration to Surinam; question of repatriation – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/718, File 1211  – date: 27 Apr 1905

4.21 FILE: Repatriation of Surinam immigrants – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/728, File 2095  – date: 14 Jul 1905

4.22 FILE: Repatriation of Indian immigrants in Surinam – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/705, File 23  – date: 2 Jan 1905

4.23 FILE: Repatriation of Indian immigrants in Surinam; reply of the Netherlands Govt – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/713, File 681  – date: 13 Mar 1905

4.24 FILE: Indian emigration to Surinam; question of repatriation – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/718, File 1211  – date: 27 Apr 1905

4.25 FILE: Repatriation of Surinam immigrants – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/728, File 2095  – date: 14 Jul 1905

4.26 FILE: Indian immigrants in Surinam; proposed modification of the conditions of repatriation – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/780, File 3364  – date: 5 Oct 1906

4.27 FILE: Report on British Indian immigrants repatriated from Surinam – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/834, File 3800  – date: 29 Oct 1907

4.28  FILE: Judicial and Public Annual Files 1-49, IOR/L/PJ/6/29:

• Item: Emigration to Dutch Guiana (Surinam): Question of right to a free return passage for coolies who failed to take advantage of one – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/29, File 11 – date: 30 Dec 1880

4.29 FILE: Judicial and Public Annual Files 1631-1740, IOR/L/PJ/6/83:

• Item: Emigration to Surinam; question of the period of residence entitling a free return passage to India – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/83, File 1739  – date: 9 Oct 1882

4.30 FILE: Judicial and Public Annual Files 651-700, IOR/L/PJ/6/275:

• Item: Emigration to Surinam; proposal to extend period of residence entitling Indians to a free return passage – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/275, File 652  – date: 25 Mar 1890

4.31 Item: Emigration to Surinam; question of the extension of the period entitling Indian immigrants to a return passage – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/297, File 329  – date: 4 Feb 1891

4.32 FILE: Judicial and Public Annual Files 1667-1780, IOR/L/PJ/6/107:

• Item: Emigration to Surinam Regarding the proposed alteration in the terms on which coolies in Surinam earn a free return passage to India – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/107, File 1776  – date: 15 Sep 1883
  Item: Emigration to Surinam; repatriation of time-expired immigrants – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/263, File 1938  – date: 28 Oct 1889

4.33 FILE: Judicial and Public Annual Files 971-1070, IOR/L/PJ/6/18:

• Item: Emigration to Surinam: Question of a free return passage for immigrants who failed at the last moment to return by the St Kilda (on 30 Oct 1879) – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/18, File 1043  – date: 6 Jul 1880
  Item: Emigration to Surinam: return of Indian to India on St Kilda – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/2, File 60  – date: Dec 1879-Jan 1880

4.34 FILE: Judicial and Public Annual Files 1485-1630, IOR/L/PJ/6/82:

• Item: Emigration to Surinam: Question of extending from 5 to 10 years the period of contract in the colony entitling to free return passage; grievances of certain coolies in the case of the St Kilda – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/82, Files 1493-1494  – date: 2 Sep 1882

4.35 FILE: Judicial and Public Annual Files 2001-2076, IOR/L/PJ/6/87:

• Item: Emigration to Surinam: question of reimbursement for 3 coolies of their passage in the St Kildasince they did not proceed to India in the ship – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/87, File 2028  – date: 30 Nov 1882

4.36 Item: Indian immigrants not repatriated from Surinam by St Kilda – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/9, File 472  – date: Mar-Apr 1880

4.37 Item: Emigration to Dutch Guiana (Surinam); grievances of certain coolies who failed to avail themselves of a return passage per St Kilda in 1879 – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/77, File 1105  – date: 30 Jun 1882

4.38 FILE: Judicial and Public Annual Files 902-1000, IOR/L/PJ/6/278:

• Item: Emigration to French Guiana; despatch from HM’s Consul in Surinam on repatriation of time-expired coolies from Cayenne – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/278, File 907  – date: 22 May 1890

4.39 Item: Emigration to Surinam; proposed extension (from 5 to 10 years) of period of residence entitling coolies to free return passage – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/283, File 1324 – date: 31 Jul 1890

4.40 Item: Emigration to Surinam; repatriation of Indian immigrants – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/288, File 1816  – date: 16 Oct 1890

4.41 FILE: Judicial and Public Annual Files 1461-1550, IOR/L/PJ/6/305:

• Item: Emigration to Surinam; repatriation of time-expired immigrants – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/305, File 1498  – date: 1 Apr-11 Sep 1891

4.42 Item: Emigration to Surinam; system of remitting money to India from Indian immigrants in Surinam- ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/227, File 878  – date: 19 Jun 1888

4.43. FILE: Judicial and Public Annual Files 1051-1130, IOR/L/PJ/6/101:

• Item: Emigration to Surinam; question of levy of poll tax on time-expired immigrants who have renounced the free return passage – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/101, File 1081  – date: 22-27 Jun 1883

4.44 FILE: Judicial and Public Annual Files 281-410, IOR/L/PJ/6/222:

Item: Despatch from HM’s Consul for Cayenne and Surinam reporting repatriation of British East Indian immigrants by the French steamer Nantes-Bordeaux – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/222, File 281  – date: 22 Feb 1888

4.45. FILE: Return of Indian immigrants from Surinam to Calcutta on the SS Avon – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/734, File 3020  – date: 29 Sep 1905

4.46 FILE: Judicial and Public Annual Files 801-900, IOR/L/PJ/6/277:

• Item: Emigration to Surinam; repatriation of Indian immigrants at the end of five years – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/277, File 818  – date: 8 May 1890

4.47 Emigration to Surinam; repatriation of Indian immigrants  IOR/L/PJ/6/288, File 1816  16 Oct 1890

4.48 Emigration to Surinam; question of the extension of the period entitling Indian immigrants to a return passage  IOR/L/PJ/6/297, File 329  4 Feb 1891

4.49 Emigration to Surinam; proposal to extend period of residence entitling Indians to a free return passage  IOR/L/PJ/6/275, File 652  25 Mar 1890

4.50 Item: System of repatriation in Br. Guiana and Surinam – ref.  IOR/L/P/J/6/466, File 2413 – date: 1897

4.51 FILE: Surinam; repatriation of three British Indian emigrants; the cost to be recovered in India – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/650, File 2283  – date: 13 Oct 1903-6 Nov 1903

4.52. FILE: Recovery of the amount of £50 paid by the IO for the repatriation of three British Indian emigrants from Surinam – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/671, File 591  – date: 25 Feb 1904

4.53 FILE: Return of Indian immigrants from Surinam to Calcutta on the SS Avon – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/734, File 3020  – date: 29 Sep 1905

4.54 Recovery of the amount of £50 paid by the IO for the repatriation of three British Indian emigrants from Surinam  IOR/L/PJ/6/671, File 591  25 Feb 1904

4.55 Indian immigrants in Surinam; proposed modification of the conditions of repatriation  IOR/L/PJ/6/780, File 3364  5 Oct 1906

4.56 FILE: Repatriation from Surinam of British Indian lepers and lunatics – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/756, File 1052  – date: 6 Apr 1906

4.57 FILE: Repatriation from Surinam of lepers and ‘lunatic’ immigrants – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/839, File 4283  – date: 13 Dec 1907

4.58 FILE: Repatriation of lunatics from Surinam – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/865, File 1345  – date: 26 Mar 1908

4.59 FILE: Return to India of lepers, paupers and lunatics from Surinam – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/630, File 554  – date: 19 Mar 1903
4.60 FILE: Indian immigrants in Surinam; repatriation of lepers and lunatics – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/744, File 137  – date: 28 Dec 1905

4.61 Proposed repatriation of Indian lepers from Paramaribo  IOR/L/PJ/6/626, File 289  13 Feb 1903

4.62 FILE: Report on British Indian immigrants repatriated from Surinam – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/834, File 3800  – date: 29 Oct 1907

4.63FILE: Judicial and Public Annual Files 1124-1190, IOR/L/PJ/6/20:

• Item: Emigration to Dutch Guiana (Surinam): Question of length of first service giving claim to return passage for immigrants – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/20, File 1146  – date: 20 Aug 1880

4.64 FILE: Judicial and Public Annual Files 1-49, IOR/L/PJ/6/29:

• Item: Emigration to Dutch Guiana (Surinam): Question of right to a free return passage for coolies who failed to take advantage of one – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/29, File 11 – date: 30 Dec 1880

4.65 FILE: Judicial and Public Annual Files 781-879, IOR/L/PJ/6/41:

• Item: Emigration to Dutch Guiana (Surinam) Question of extending the period of entitlement for a free return passage to India [a term of ten years instead of five years indenture] – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/41, File 842 – date: 23 May 1881

4.66 FILE: Judicial and Public Annual Files 1631-1740, IOR/L/PJ/6/83:

Item: Emigration to Surinam; question of the period of residence entitling a free return passage to India – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/83, File 1739  – date: 9 Oct 1882

4.67 FILE: Judicial and Public Annual Files 801-900, IOR/L/PJ/6/277:

• Item: Emigration to Surinam; repatriation of Indian immigrants at the end of five years – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/277, File 818  – date: 8 May 1890

4.68 FILE: Judicial and Public Annual Files 1261-1382, IOR/L/PJ/6/79:

• Item: Emigration to Surinam: Renewed application of the Netherlands for extension from 5 to 10 years of the final contract entitling Indian coolie immigrants to a free return passage to India – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/79, File 1277  – date: 1 Aug 1882

4.69 FILE: Judicial and Public Annual Files 1323-1426, IOR/L/PJ/6/104:

• Item: Emigration to Surinam; Reports of the British Consul for 1880, 1881 and 1882; question of extending from 5 to 10 years the period of residence entitling coolies to a free return passage – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/104, File 1386  – date: 15 Aug 1883

4.70 FILE: Judicial and Public Annual Files 1051-1130, IOR/L/PJ/6/101:

• Item: Emigration to Surinam; question of levy of poll tax on time-expired immigrants who have renounced the free return passage – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/101, File 1081  – date: 22-27 Jun 1883

4.71 FILE: Judicial and Public Annual Files 1667-1780, IOR/L/PJ/6/107:

• Item: Emigration to Surinam Regarding the proposed alteration in the terms on which coolies in Surinam earn a free return passage to India – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/107, File 1776  – date: 15 Sep 1883

4.72 FILE: Judicial and Public Annual Files 911-1070, IOR/L/PJ/6/204:

• Item: Emigration to Surinam; return of time-expired coolies on board the ship John Davie – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/204, File 937  – date: 31 May 1887

4.73 FILE: Repatriation of lunatics from Surinam – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/865, File 1345  – date: 26 Mar 1908

• Item: Emigration to Surinam: Case of a coolie named Gopee intended to be repatriated in the  St Kilda in 1879; but verbally re-engaged for 5 years and then released; general question of verbal engagement – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/82, F

4.74 File 1567  – date: 14 Sep 1882

• Item: Emigration to Surinam: question of coolies entering into verbal contracts for service; re-engagement of a coolie named Goopee – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/84, File 1828  – date: 30 Oct 1882

4.75 FILE: Judicial and Public Annual Files 1871-2007, IOR/L/PJ/6/263:

Item: Emigration to Surinam; repatriation of time-expired immigrants – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/263, File 1938  – date: 28 Oct 1889

4.76  Acknowledgement of letter accompanying copies of a despatch from the Indian Govt on return passage of coolies from Surinam  IOR/L/PJ/6/44, File 1039  21 Jul 1881

V. Remittances (geldovermakingen)

5.1 FILE: Judicial and Public Annual Files 1800-1886, IOR/L/PJ/6/188:

• Item: Emigration to Surinam; HM’s Consul requests to be allowed to draw on the authorities at Calcutta and Madras in remitting money from immigrants to their families in India – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/188, File 1853  – date: 13 Nov 1886

5.2 FILE: Judicial and Public Annual Files 441-449, IOR/L/PJ/6/197:

• Item: Emigration to Surinam; proposal by HM’s Consul for remittance of small sums to families of Indian immigrants living in India – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/197, File 499  – date: 1 Mar 1887

5.3 Emigration to Surinam; renewed proposal by the Consul for remitting small sums from Indians in Surinam to their families in India  IOR/L/PJ/6/223, File 435  21 Mar 1888

5.4 FILE: Judicial and Public Annual Files 435-546, IOR/L/PJ/6/248:

• Item: Emigration to Surinam; remittances to India – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/248, File 529  – date: 12 Mar 1889

5.5 FILE: Judicial and Public Annual Files 1503-1700, IOR/L/PJ/6/261:

• Item: Emigration to Surinam; remittances of coolies – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/261, File 1520  – date: 10 Aug 1889

5.6 FILE: Judicial and Public Annual Files 2161-2312, IOR/L/PJ/6/267:

• Item: Emigration to Surinam; remittances of coolies – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/267, File 2299  – date: 28 Dec 1889

5.7 Item: Emigration to Surinam; system of remitting money to India from Indian immigrants in Surinam – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/227, File 878  – date: 19 Jun 1888

5.8  FILE: Judicial and Public Annual Files 1503-1700, IOR/L/PJ/6/261:

• Item: Emigration to Surinam; remittances of coolies – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/261, File 1520  – date: 10 Aug 1889

5.9 FILE: Judicial and Public Annual Files 2161-2312, IOR/L/PJ/6/267:

Item: Emigration to Surinam; remittances of coolies – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/267, File 2299  – date: 28 Dec 1889

5.10 Item: Emigration to Surinam; renewed proposal by the Consul for remitting small sums from Indians in Surinam to their families in India – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/223, File 435  – date: 21 Mar 1888

5.11 FILE: Judicial and Public Annual Files 1806-1978, IOR/L/PJ/6/241:

• Item: Emigration to Surinam; payment of interpreter’s salary and remittances to India on account of Indian immigrants – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/241, File 1913  – date: 20 Dec 1888

VI. Stakingen, opstanden en het leven op de plantages

L/PJ/3/205, pages 159-162

24 Feb 1885 6.1

Disturbances among Indian emigrants to Surinam

6.2 Emigration to Surinam; strike among Indian immigrants  IOR/L/PJ/6/289, File 1936  5 Nov 1890

6.3 Emigration to Surinam; disturbances among Indian immigrants  IOR/L/PJ/6/306, File 1573  22 Sep 1891

 

6.4 Item: Emigration to Surinam; two cases of disturbances amongst coolies – ref.  IOR/L/P/J/6/149, File 499  – date: 24 Feb 1885

6.5 FILE: Judicial and Public Annual Files 2271-2322, IOR/L/PJ/6/139:

Item: Emigration to Surinam; two cases of coolie rioting against heavy workloads and insufficient pay – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/139, File 2284  – date: 17 Nov 1884

6.6 Emigration to Surinam re instructions to be forwarded to the Acting British Consul at Surinam to institute confidential inquiries into allegations of mistreatment by Indian immigrants  IOR/L/PJ/6/150, File 633  4 Apr 1884

6.7 Emigration to Surinam; revolts of coolies on two plantations in 1884; report of HM’s Consul  IOR/L/PJ/6/167, File 48  9 Jan 1886

6.8 FILE: Judicial and Public Annual Files 1761-1891, IOR/L/PJ/6/213:

• Item: Emigration to Surinam; Disturbance between ‘coolies and blacks’ at the Hazard Plantation – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/213, File 1863  – date: 12 Oct 1887

6.9 FILE: Judicial and Public Annual Files 1757-1810, IOR/L/PJ/6/307:

• Item: Emigration to Surinam; disturbances among Indians – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/307, Files 1767 & 1796  – date: 26 Oct 1891

6.10 Item: Emigration to Surinam; death of Mr Roosevelt, Protector of Immigrants; disturbances in August last – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/309, Files 1983 & 2009  – date: 4 Dec 1891

6.11  Item: Emigration to Surinam; shooting of immigrants at Zoelen in August, 1892 – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/314, File 270  – date: 15 Feb 1892

6.12 FILE: Reports on the coolie riots in Surinam – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/625, File 177  – date: 24 Jan 1903-8 May 1903

VII. Arbeidsomstandigheden en arbeidsconflicten

P/170, pages 83-84 (Pros.nos.1-4)	Mar 1873 7.1	Emigration to Surinam after emigration season and wages of emigrants
P/171, pages 5-8 (Pros.nos.3 & 4)	Jul 1874 7.2	Condition of Indian emigrants at Surinam
L/PJ/3/204, pages 33-44	29 Jan 1884 7.3	General condition and treatment of Indian immigrants in Surinam during the years 1880, 1881 and 1882
IOR/L/PJ/5/459	1862-1881 7.4	Papers on conditions of coolies mainly in Réunion, some also relating to Madagascar, Mauritius and Surinam
P/4567, pages 1-4 (Pros.nos.1 & 2, File no.16 of 1893 and File no.10 of 1894)	Jan 1894 7.5	Inadequacy of the wages earned by Indian immigrants in Surinam; Modes of paying the wages if Indian immigrants in Surinam
P/4567, pages 257-258 (Pro.no.53, File no.10)	Jan 1894 7.6	Inadequacy of the wages earned by Indian immigrants in Surinam
P/4567, page 972 (Pro.no.4, File no.10)	Sep 1894 7.7	Wages earned by Indian immigrants in Surinam
P/4567, pages 793-798 (Pros.nos.18-22, File no.10)	Jun 1894 7.8	Alleged inadequacy of the wages earned by Indian immigrants in Surinam
P/4981, pages 207-208 (Pro.no.9, File no.19 of 1896)	Mar 1896 7.9	Savings of Indian immigrants in Surinam
P/4981, page 855 (Pros.nos.56 & 57, File no.10 of 1896)	Jul 1896 7.10	Improvement of the condition of Indian immigrants in Surinam
P/5210, pages 427-434 (Pros.no.15 & 16, File no.10 of 1896)	Feb 1897 7.11	Improvement of the condition of Indian immigrants in Surinam
P/5210, pages 457-458 (Pro.no.12, File no.16 of 1897)	Mar 1897 7.12	Employment of Indians on the Gold fields in Surinam
P/5210, pages 579-582 (Pro.no.13, File no.41 of 1897)	Jun 1897 7.13	Agricultural grants to Indian immigrants in Surinam
P/5210, pages 1277-1282 (Pro.no.14, File no.83 of 1897)	Dec 1897 7.14		Improvement of the condition of Indian immigrants in Surinam
P/5442, pages 579-583 (Pro.no.2, File no.3 of 1898)	Feb 1898 7.15		Settlement of Indian immigrants in Surinam
P/5442, pages 601-607 (Pros.no.5 & 6, File no.16 of 1898)	Mar 1898 7.16		Improvement of the condition of immigrants in Surinam
IOR/L/E/7/1452, File 2710	1926 7.17		File 2710 Indians in Surinam – employment in the gold and balata industries

7.18  Emigration to Surinam: Question of employment in the gold fields of ‘time-expired’ Indian immigrants  IOR/L/PJ/6/23, File 1415  14 Sep 1880

7.19 FILE: Judicial and Public Annual Files 627 – 720, IOR/L/PJ/6/13:

• Item: Emigration to Surinam (Dutch Guiana): Interpretation of Article 150 of the Revised Penal Ordinance in respect of wages; modification of contract signed in India and suggestions to be made when the Convention is revised – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/13, File 668 – date: 8 May 1880

7.20 FILE: Judicial and Public Annual Files 721-772, IOR/L/PJ/6/14:

• Item: Emigration to Surinam: Question as to whether Indian coolies whose first contract has expired should be permitted to labour in the Gold Fields – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/14, File 756 – date: 1 Jun 1880

7.21 FILE: Judicial and Public Annual Files 1326-1432, IOR/L/PJ/6/23:

• Item: Emigration to Surinam: Amount of daily wages as affected by revised Penal Ordinance; question of altering the contract entered into in India by intending emigrants – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/23, File 1333 – date: 31 Aug 1880

7.22 Item: Emigration to Surinam: Question of employment in the gold fields of ‘time-expired’ Indian immigrants – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/23, File 1415  – date: 14 Sep 1880

7.23 FILE: Judicial and Public Annual Files 1599-1640, IOR/L/PJ/6/26:

• Item: Emigration to Surinam: Fourth edition of regulations – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/26, File 1599 – date: 9 Nov 1880

7.24 FILE: Judicial and Public Annual Files 252-339, IOR/L/PJ/6/33:

• Item: Emigration to Surinam: No coolies to be employed in the gold fields – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/33, File 253 – date: 17 Feb 1881

7.25 Item: Emigration to Surinam (Dutch Guiana); Proposal from the new Consul for a Commission of Enquiry from British Guiana into treatment of coolies in Surinam to secure ten years’ indenture instead of five – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/33, File 276  – date: 23 Feb 1881

7.26. FILE: Judicial and Public Annual Files 1811-1870, IOR/L/PJ/6/57:

• Item: Emigration to Surinam: Inspection of estates on which coolies are employed – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/57, File 1829  – date: 25 Oct-28 Nov 1881

7.27. FILE: Judicial and Public Annual Files 501-587, IOR/L/PJ/6/70:

• Item: Emigration to French and Dutch Guiana: Employment of Indian labourers from Cayenne on gold diggings in Surinam to be prevented in future – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/70, File 526  – date: 22 Mar 1882

7.28 FILE: Judicial and Public Annual Files 1079-1145, IOR/L/PJ/6/77:

• Item: Question of British Indian labourers from Cayenne being employed in the Surinam gold fields – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/77, File 1104  – date: May-Jun 1882

7.29 FILE: Judicial and Public Annual Files 1887-1940, IOR/L/PJ/6/189:

• Item: Emigration to Surinam; ultimate payment of wages to labourers employed on Burnside plantation – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/189, File 1889  – date: 19 Nov 1886

7.30 FILE: Judicial and Public Annual Files 1531-1630, IOR/L/PJ/6/211:

• Item: Distressed Indians in Dutch Guiana (Surinam) who came from British Guiana – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/211, File 1588  – date: 5 Sep 1887

7.31 FILE: Judicial and Public Annual Files 1632-1760, IOR/L/PJ/6/212:

• Item: Distressed Indians in Dutch Guiana (Surinam) proceeding from British Guiana – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/212, File 1692  – date: 19 Sep 1887

7.32 FILE: Judicial and Public Annual Files 2031-2172, IOR/L/PJ/6/216:

• Item: Distressed Indians in Dutch Guiana having come from British Guiana – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/216, File 2095  – date: 23 Nov 1887

7.33 FILE: Judicial and Public Annual Files 2173-2292, IOR/L/PJ/6/217:

• Item: Distressed Indians in Dutch Guiana (Surinam); alleged to have come from British Guiana – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/217, File 2209  – date: 16 Dec 1887

7.34 FILE: Judicial and Public Annual Files 171-218, IOR/L/PJ/6/220:

• Item: Migration of Indians from Demerara to French and Dutch Guiana – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/220, File 204  – date: 9 Feb 1888

7.35 FILE: Judicial and Public Annual Files 201-250, IOR/L/PJ/6/295:

• Item: Emigration to Surinam; reports on treatment of coolies – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/295, Files 232 & 233  – date: 7 Feb 1891

7.36 FILE: Judicial and Public Annual Files 2347-2526, IOR/L/PJ/6/364:

• Item: Emigration to Surinam; insufficiency of wages earned by Indian immigrants – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/364, File 2353  – date: 27 Nov 1893

7.37 FILE: Judicial and Public Annual File 2517, IOR/L/P/J/6/466:

• Item: Condition of immigrants in Surinam – ref.  IOR/L/P/J/6/466, Files 434, 2116/7, 2517 – date: 1897

7.38 FILE: Judicial and Public Annual Files 2111-2184, IOR/L/PJ/6/360:

• Item: Emigration to Surinam; method of paying the wages of Indian immigrants in the colony – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/360, File 2152  – date: 31 Oct 1893

7.39 FILE: Judicial and Public Annual Files 1201-1299, IOR/L/PJ/6/377:

• Item: Employment of Indian immigrants in Surinam – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/377, File 1232  – date: 26 Jun 1894

7.40 FILE: Attempt of a French Syndicate to recruit Indian labourers for Cayenne in Surinam – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/536, File 607  – date: 15 Mar 1900

7.41 FILE: Surinam; measures for prevention of recruitment of British Indian immigrants from Surinam to Cayenne – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/541, File 1034  – date: 29 May 1900

7.42. FILE: Indian immigrants in Surinam; report by the British Consul of his inspection of the railway works – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/753, File 903  – date: 27 Mar 1906

7.43 Emigration to Surinam; Statement of Crimes and Punishments of British Indian Immigrants during 1887; resort of coolies to a disputed territory between French and Dutch Guiana for gold digging  IOR/L/PJ/6/231, Files 1200 & 1205  17 & 18 Apr 1888

VIII. Regelingen, voorzieningen en tekort aan vrouwen

L/PJ/3/200, pages 5 and 8	14 Jan 1880 8.1	Extension of the Emigration season to Surinam
L/PJ/3/201, pages 43-60	12 Jan 1881 8.2	Surinam Emigration: deficiency of 56 women during the 1880-81 season
L/PJ/3/202, pages 9-24	9 Jan 1882 8.3	Proposed extension to ten years of the term of residence for emigrants proceeding to Surinam
L/PJ/3/202, pages 175-178	20 Feb 1882 8.4	Provision of latrines and kitchens for Indian emigrants
P/2480, pages 17-19 in the Colonial Emigration section (Pros.nos.6-8, File 23)	May 1885 8.5	Proportion of male to female emigrants
L/PJ/3/209, pages 7 and 10	19 Feb 1889 8.6	Marriage law for Surinam
L/PJ/3/210, pages 337-346	3 Dec 1890 8.7	Measures to improve the condition of time-expired Indian immigrants in Surinam
P/4567, pages 5-8 (Pros.nos.3 & 4, File no.91 of 1893 and File no.3 of 1894)	Jan 1894 8.8	Disproportion between the numbers of male and female Indian immigrants in Surinam
P/5210, page 11 (Pro.no.5, File no.82 of 1896)	Jan 1897 8.9	Supply of rations to Indian immigrants in Surinam
P/5899, pages 515-next page (wrongly marked as 575) (Pro.no.3, File no.50 of 1900)	Jul 1900 8.10		Measures taken by the Surinam Government to prevent time-expired coolies being recruited for service in Cayenne or elsewhere
IOR/L/E/7/1259, File 477	1921-1922 8.11		File 477 Indians in Surinam – Immigration Reports for 1919-1920

8.12 FILE: Judicial and Public Annual Files 101-148, IOR/L/PJ/6/31:

• Item: Emigration to Surinam (Dutch Guiana): Regarding proportion of women shipped from Calcutta to Surinam in 1880-81; deficiency of 56 women postponed until 1881-82 – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/31, File 143 – date: 12 Jan 1881

8.13 FILE: Judicial and Public Annual Files 244-306, IOR/L/PJ/6/6:

• Item: Dutch royal decree on regulations governing grant of premium and loans to planters for promotion of immigration of Indian labourers to Surinam – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/6, File 247  – date: Dec 1879-Mar 1880

8.14 Item: Emigration to Surinam: Question as to provision of latrines and kitchens for coolies – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/57, File 1843  – date: 30 Nov 1881

8.15 FILE: Judicial and Public Annual Files 157-207, IOR/L/PJ/6/64:

• Item: Emigration to Surinam; proposal for extension of the term of residence from 5 to 10 years – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/64, File 168  – date: 9 Jan 1882

8.16 FILE: Judicial and Public Annual Files 454-500, IOR/L/PJ/6/69:

• Item: Emigration to Surinam: Provision of latrines and kitchens for Indian emigrants – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/69, File 456  – date: 20 Feb 1882

8.17 FILE: Judicial and Public Annual Files 621-731, IOR/L/PJ/6/72:

• Item: Emigration to Surinam: Acknowledgement of receipt by FO of despatch on the necessity of supplying Indian immigrants with latrines and kitchens – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/72, File 668  – date: 17 Apr 1882

8.18 Item: Emigration to Surinam as to Indian coolies entering into verbal contracts for service in that colony – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/104, File 1407  – date: 13 Sep 1883

8.19 FILE: Judicial and Public Annual Files 1072-1140, IOR/L/PJ/6/156:

• Item: Emigration to Dutch Guiana (Surinam); proposal to reduce proportion of women recruited – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/156, File 1134  – date: 6 Jun 1885

8.20 FILE: Judicial and Public Annual files 1655-1880, IOR/L/PJ/6/162:

• Item: Emigration to Surinam (Dutch Guiana); relative number of Indian males and females in the colony – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/162, File 1863  – date: 7 Oct 1885

8.21 FILE: Judicial and Public Annual Files 103-200, IOR/L/PJ/6/168:

• Item: Emigration to Surinam (Dutch Guiana) report on the proportion of female to male emigrants – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/168, File 200  – date: 19 Jan 1886

8.22 Item: Emigration to Surinam; extension of service from 5 to 10 years – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/245, File 364  – date: 2 Mar 1889

8.23 Item: Emigration to Surinam; marriage laws – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/246, File 383 – date: 19 Feb 1889

8.24 Item: Emigration to Surinam; difficulties arising through absence in the Colony of a heathen marriage ordinance – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/276, File 768 – date: 29 Apr 1890

8.25 Item: Emigration to Surinam Marriage laws – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/277, File 852 – date: 14 May 1890

8.26 FILE: Judicial and Public Annual Files 1301-1399, IOR/L/PJ/6/283:

• Item: Emigration to Surinam and Br Guiana; marriage laws – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/283, File 1312  – date: 31 Jul 1890

8.27 FILE: Judicial and Public Annual Files 1401-1500, IOR/L/PJ/6/284:

• Item: Emigration to Surinam; despatch from the Consul on the Indian Immigrant Marriage Law – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/284, File 1459  – date: 20 Aug 1890

8.28 Item: Emigration to Surinam; measures for improving the condition of immigrants – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/291, File 2179 – date: 3 Dec 1890

8.29 Item: Emigration to Surinam; transmission of copies of a new Law for the protection of free immigrants and labourers in Surinam – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/297, File 327 – date: 21 Feb 1891

8.30 Item: Emigration to Surinam; despatch regarding the proposed Immigrant Marriage Law – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/306, File 1707 – date: 13 Oct 1891

8.31 Item: Emigration to Surinam; delay in dealing with proposed marriage laws for British Indian immigrants – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/327, File 1424  – date: 6 Sep 1892

8.32 FILE: Judicial and Public Annual Files 801-900, IOR/L/PJ/6/373:

Item: Gladstone Wyllie; requests regulations for conveying coolies from Calcutta to Surinam – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/373, File 829  – date: 10 May 1894

8.33 FILE: Judicial and Public Annual Files 1801-1900, IOR/L/PJ/6/407:

• Item: Emigration to Surinam; form of contract between free immigrants and Surinam Govt – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/407, File 1834  – date: 26 Oct 1895

8.34 FILE: Judicial and Public Annual Files 1701-1849, IOR/L/PJ/6/356:

• Item: Emigration to Surinam; drawing up of an Ordinance concerning marriages of Christian, Mahomedan and Hindu adults, minors and infants; request for copies the marriage laws of India – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/356, File 1808  – date: 22 Aug-18 Sep 1893

8.35 FILE: Judicial and Public Annual Files 101-199, IOR/L/PJ/6/366:

• Item: Emigration to Surinam; proportion of women to men – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/366, File 146  – date: 10 Jan 1894

8.36 FILE: Judicial and Public Annual Files 201-300, IOR/L/PJ/6/367:

• Item: Emigration to Surinam; recommendations to the Netherlands Govt for the improvement of the conditions of coolie immigrants – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/367, File 236  – date: 29 Jan-9 Feb 1894

8.37 FILE: Judicial and Public Annual Files 2317-2423, IOR/L/PJ/6/527:

• Item: System in force in Dutch Surinam for the settlement of British Indian immigrants – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/527, File 2345  – date: 15 Dec 1899

8.38 FILE: Proposed modifications in the conditions of immigration to Surinam – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/838, File 4063  – date: 7 Nov 1907

8.39 FILE: Indian immigrants in Surinam; proposed modification of the conditions of emigration – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/792, File 23  – date: 1 Jan 1907

8.40

P/5666, pages 627-628 (Pro.no.15, File no.15 of 1899)

Feb 1899 2

Despatch of the ship “Erne” to Surinam with from 10 to 20 women short of the established proportion

IX. Voorzieningen op schepen en reacties op rapport Comins

P/1633, pages 59-61 (Pros.nos.5-11, File 43)	Dec 1881 9.1	Outlay incurred for shipping emigrants to the Colonies
P/1633, pages 63-67 (Pros.nos.4-9, File 42)	Dec 1881 9.2	Diet of emigrants on board ships
P/2230, pages 18-29 in the Colonial section (Pros.nos.2-22, File 36)	Sep 1884 9.3	Casualties to Emigrant Vessels: grounding near Ceylon of the steamer “Laleham” with emigrants for Surinam

9.4 FILE: Judicial and Public Annual Files 854-924, IOR/L/PJ/6/16:

Item: Emigration to Surinam: adoption of Their’s Automatic Ventilator on emigrant ships – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/16, File 862  – date: 17 Jun 1880

9.5 FILE: Judicial and Public Annual Files 1707-1828, IOR/L/PJ/6/28:

• Item: Emigration to Surinam: Adoption of Thiers’ Ventilator on emigrant ships – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/28, File 1744 – date: 16 Nov 1880

9.6 FILE: Judicial and Public Annual Files 1191-1260, IOR/L/PJ/6/21:

Item: Emigration to Surinam: Their’s Automatic Ventilator – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/21, File 1212  – date2 Sep 1880

9.7 FILE: Judicial and Public Annual Files 101-148, IOR/L/PJ/6/31:

• Item: Emigration to Surinam (Dutch Guiana): Regarding proportion of women shipped from Calcutta to Surinam in 1880-81; deficiency of 56 women postponed until 1881-82 – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/31, File 143 – date: 12 Jan 1881

9.8 FILE: Judicial and Public Annual Files 1707-1828, IOR/L/PJ/6/28:

Item: Emigration to Surinam: Adoption of Thiers’ Ventilator on emigrant ships – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/28, File 1744  – date: 16 Nov 1880

9.9 FILE: Judicial and Public Annual Files 1611-1720, IOR/L/PJ/6/329:

Item: Emigration to Surinam; employment of steamers – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/329, File 1683  – date: 10 Oct 1892

Documenten  Dr. Comins

9.10 Emigration; deputation of Dr Comins; arrival in Surinam  IOR/L/PJ/6/306, File 1574  19 Sep 1891

9.11 Dr Comins’ visit to Cayenne and Surinam  IOR/L/PJ/6/306, File 1652  7 Oct 1891.

9.12 Emigration to Surinam; visit of Surgeon-Major Comins  IOR/L/PJ/6/301, File 867  20 May 1891

9.13 Emigration to Surinam; despatch from HM’s Minister at the Hague reporting satisfaction felt by Baron Mackay, the Dutch Minister for Colonies, at the visit to Surinam of Surgeon-Major Comins  IOR/L/PJ/6/301, File 840  16 May 1891

9.14 Emigration to Surinam; views of the Govt of India re Dr Comins’ report  IOR/L/PJ/6/364, File 2424  6 Dec 1893

9.15 Deputation of Dr Comins to Surinam and French colonies  IOR/L/PJ/6/300, File 717  22 Apr 1891

9.16 Dr D Comins, Surgeon Major; reports his arrival from Bombay  IOR/L/PJ/6/300, File 658  3 Apr 1891

9.17 Proposed deputation of Dr Comins, Protector of Emigrants at Calcutta, to the West Indies  IOR/L/PJ/6/297, File 354  25 Feb 1891

9.18 Emigration to Surinam Answers prepared by the Agent-General to questions of Dr D W Comins about condition of British Indian immigrants in the colony also visit of Dr Comins to Antigua and Domenica; arrival at Jamaica  IOR/L/PJ/6/309, File 1882  20 Oct-13 Nov 1891

9.19 Emigration to Surinam; visit of Surgeon-Major Comins  IOR/L/PJ/6/301, File 867  20 May 1891

9.20 Item: Indian immigration; deputation of Dr Comins to Surinam, Martinique, Guadeloupe and Cayenne- ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/299, File 622  – date: 6 Apr 1891

9.21 FILE: Judicial and Public Annual files 651-804, IOR/L/PJ/6/300:

• Item: Emigration to Surinam; deputation of Dr Comins – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/300, File 695  – date: 17 Apr 1891

9.22 Item: Surg-Maj Comins, Protector of Emigrants, Calcutta; to visit French colonies as well as Surinam – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/300, File 700 – date: 17 Apr 1891

9.23 Item: Deputation of Dr Comins to Surinam and French colonies – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/300, File 717 – date: 22 Apr 1891

9.24 Item: Copy of telegram from the Viceroy; Comins received no instructions about Surinam – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/300, File 803  – date: 11 May 1891

9.25 Item: Emigration; deputation of Dr Comins; arrival in Surinam – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/306, File 1574  – date: 19 Sep 1891

• Item: Dr Comins’ visit to Cayenne and Surinam – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/306, File 1652  – date: 7 Oct 1891

9.26 FILE: Judicial and Public Annual Files 2046-2117, IOR/L/PJ/6/311:

• Item: Emigration to Surinam; proposed visit of Dr Comins to the Hague – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/311, File 2055  – date: 19 Dec 1891

9.27 Item: Emigration to Surinam; views of the Govt of India on points raised in Dr Comins’ report – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/362, File 2233  – date: 25 Oct 1893

9.28 FILE: Judicial and Public Annual Files 1401-1500, IOR/L/PJ/6/379:

• Item: M Brinkgreve; request for a copy of Dr Comins’ report on emigration from India to Surinam – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/379, File 1433  – date: 13 Aug 1894

9.29 FILE: Judicial and Public Annual Files 2001-2097, IOR/L/PJ/6/385:

• Item: J H de Bussy, Amsterdam; request for a copy of the report of the British Indian Protector of Immigrants in Surinam – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/385, File 2090  – date: 1 Dec 1894

9.30 FILE: Judicial and Public Annual Files 82-179, IOR/L/PJ/6/313:

• Item: Emigration to Surinam; visit of Dr Comins to the Hague – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/313, File 130  – date: 27 Jan 1892

9.31 FILE: Judicial and Public Annual Files 180-284, IOR/L/PJ/6/314:

• Item: Emigration to Surinam; visit of Dr Comins to the Hague – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/314, File 275  – date: 16 Feb 1892

9.32 FILE: Judical and Public Annual Files 401-470, IOR/L/PJ/6/316:

• Item: Emigration to Surinam; Dr Comins’ visit to the Hague – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/316, File 404  – date: 3-4 Mar 1892

9.33 FILE: Judicial and Public Annual Files 221-300, IOR/L/PJ/6/339:

• Item: Indian immigration to Surinam; Dr Comins’ reports – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/339, File 281  – date: 14 Feb 1893

9.34 FILE: Judicial and Public Annual Files 1081, 1177, IOR/L/PJ/6/349:

• Item: Emigration to Surinam; Dr Comins’ Report on Emigration and Diary of his tour of Surinam – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/349, File 1106  – date: 17 May 1893

9.35 FILE: Judicial and Public Annual Files 1491-1590, IOR/L/PJ/6/354:

• Item: Emigration to Surinam; transmission of Dr Comins’ report – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/354, File 1519  – date: 10 Aug 1893

9.36 Item: Emigration to Surinam; observations of Captain Wyndham, late HM’s Consul at Paramaribo, on certain points raised in Dr Comins’ report – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/354, File 1587 – date: 21 Aug 1893

9.37 FILE: Judicial and Public Annual Files 1702-1798, IOR/L/PJ/6/406:

• Item: Request from FO on behalf of the Netherlands Govt for 8 copies of Dr Comins’ report on Surinam emigration – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/406, File 1740  – date: 15 Oct 1895

9.38 FILE: Judicial and Public Annual Files 1901-1999, IOR/L/PJ/6/408:

• Item: Emigration to Surinam; reply of Netherlands Govt to Sir H Rumbold’s note on Dr Comins’ recommendations – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/408, File 1996  – date: 15 Nov 1895

9.39  Emigration to Surinam;  IOR/L/PJ/6/435, File 2204  11 Jan-10 Dec 1896 .

De inhoud bestaat uit:
a collection of files including:
28.Arrival of immigrants at Surinam Files 49, 919 Hereford???
Protection of immigrants against fraud 71
29. Note on emigration by Sgn Maj D W D Comins 122, 332
Appointment of Sub Immigration Agent 393, 684, 793, 938
Resignation of Governor of Surinam 560
30 Recruitment of Javanese labour 684, 933
Postal facilities for coolies 684
Appointment of Emigration Agent at Calcutta 867, 930
Increase of salary and gratuity to the Interpreter 981, 982, 2010
Appointment of Col F F Terry as interpreter 1222, 1471, 1531, 2070, 2054
Report on Immigration for 1895 1020
Changes in hospital administration to disadvantage of British Indian immigrants 1829
New law for supply of rations by employers 1830
Disappearance of a child of British Indian immigrants 1831, 2200
Postal administrative charges detrimental to coolies in the Nickene district 1872
Gratuity to temporary interpreter 2010
Claim by J L Dunnett against the Surinam Bank 2204

X. Benoemingen officials, regelingen en berichten (despatches)

L/PJ/3/201, pages 623-636	10 Sep 1881 10.1	Proposed appointment of a British Vice-Consul or of an Interpreter for the Consulate in Surinam
L/PJ/3/204, pages 287-296	12 Jul 1884 10.2	Appointment of an Indian Interpreter to the British Consulate in Surinam
L/PJ/3/208, pages 129 and 132	10.3	Expenditure from Indian funds to enable Her Majesty’s Consul at Surinam to engage a steamer for the purpose of visiting estates in the Colony
P/872, pages 3-9 (Pros.nos.1-8, File 3)	Jan 1876 10.4	Appointment of an Interpreter under the British Consul at Surinam
P/4981, pages 993-996 (Pros.nos.13 & 14, File no.63 of 1896)	Aug 1896 10.5	Interpreter for the British Consulate at Paramaribo, Surinam
P/4981, page 1085 (Pros.nos.6-8, File no.63 of 1896)	Oct 1896 10.6		Appointment of Colonel F.S. Terry to the post of Indian Interpreter to the British Consulate, Surinam
IOR/L/E/7/1387, File 1974	1921-1926 10.7		File 1974 Indians in Surinam – As to increasing the Indian contribution towards the upkeep of HM Consulate, Paramaribo

10.8 FILE: Judicial and Public Annual Files 341-399, IOR/L/PJ/6/34:

• Item: Emigration to Dutch Guiana (Surinam) and incidentally to French Guiana (Cayenne): Questions of a Vice Consul and an interpreter, Surinam question of from which quarter should interpreter’s payments be made, in either colony – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/34, File 363 – date: 14 Mar 1881

10.9 Item: French Guiana (Cayenne) and Dutch Guiana (Surinam): Salaries for interpreters – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/34, File 385 – date: 16 Mar 1881

10.10 Item: Emigration to Surinam: Mr Annesley, British Consul intends to visit placers along the River Marowijne where coolies are said to be employed – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/41, File 868  – date: 17 Jun 1881

10.11 FILE: Judicial and Public Annual Files 329-393, IOR/L/PJ/6/67:

• Item: Emigration to Dutch Guiana (Surinam): Application for payment by India of a moiety of an expenditure of £91.10.0 incurred by the Consul in visiting the mining estate Herminia – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/67, File 379  – date: 3 Mar 1882

10.12 FILE: Judicial and Public Annual Files 281-360, IOR/L/PJ/6/118:

Item: Emigration to Surinam; Netherlands Govt reply to Consul Annesley’s unfavourable reports –

10.13 Emigration to Surinam; Despatches on Indian coolie immigration  IOR/L/PJ/6/127, File 1051  6 Jun 1884

10.14 FILE: Judicial and Public Annual Files 1421-1500, IOR/L/PJ/6/131

• Item: Emigration to Surinam; re appointment of an Indian interpreter to the British Consulate in Surinam – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/131, File 1439  – date: 12 Jul 1884

10.15 FILE: Judicial and Public Annual Files 1501-1620, IOR/L/PJ/6/132:

• Item: Emigration to Surinam; answer of the Surinam authorities to charges made by George Annesley, the late British Consul – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/132, File 1591  – date: 6 Jun-25 Aug 1884

10.16 FILE: Judicial and Public Annual Files 535-620, IOR/L/PJ/6/173:

• Item: Emigration to Surinam; Appointment of an interpreter for the British Consulate and abolition of the post of interpreter for French Guiana – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/173, File 573  – date: 12 Apr 1886

10.7 Item: Letter notifying instructions regarding annual reports on coolies have been to HM’s Consuls in Surinam, Martinique and Cayenne – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/82, File 1581 – date: 18 Sep 1882

10.18 FILE: Judicial and Public Annual Files 631-750, IOR/L/PJ/6/96:

• Item: Emigration to Surinam; Despatch from George F Annesley, Consul at Surinam; giving his reasons for not having sent annual reports on coolies since his arrival; necessity for an interpreter – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/96, File 657  – date: Feb-Apr 1883

10.19 Item: Emigration to Surinam: A further despatch and enclosures from G F Annesley, Consul at Surinam, relating to deferred Immigration Reports for 1880-1881 – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/96, File 663  – date: 20 Apr-31 May 1883

10.20 FILE: Judicial and Public Annual Files 880-938, IOR/L/PJ/6/99:

• Item: Emigration to Surinam: despatches from HM’s Consul relative to coolie immigrants in that colony – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/99, File 912  – date: 30 May 1883

10.21 FILE: Judicial and Public Annual Files 941-1050, IOR/L/PJ/6/100:

• Item: Emigration to Surinam: As to the inexpediency of the post of Medical Inspector being filled by Dr Salomons, ‘a Jewish gentleman’ and resident of the colony – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/100, File 996  – date: 13 Jun 1883

10.22 Item: Emigration to Surinam: appointment of a medical inspector – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/102, File 1271  – date: 2 Aug 1883

10.23 FILE: Judicial and Public Annual Files 152-200, IOR/L/PJ/6/116:

• Item: Emigration to Surinam; Despatches – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/116, File 169  – date: 30 Jan 1884

10.24 FILE: Judicial and Public Annual Files files 201-280, IOR/L/PJ/6/117:

• Item: Emigration to Surinam; despatch on the coolie question in Surinam – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/117, File 217  – date: 7 Feb 1884

10.25. FILE: Judicial and Public Annual Files 1041-1168, IOR/L/PJ/6/127:

• Item: Emigration to Surinam; Despatches on Indian coolie immigration – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/127, File 1051  – date: 6 Jun 1884

10.26 Item: Emigration to Surinam; petition of Indian immigrants against having a Jewish Commissary over them and praying for an interpreter, advocate etc. – ref.  IOR/L/P/J/6/149, File 497 – date: 16 Mar 1885

10.27. Item: Emigration to Surinam; communication with Netherlands Govt in consequence of the British Consul’s Reports for 1880, 1881 and 1882 – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/109, File 1964  – date: 3 Nov 1883

10.28 FILE: Judicial and Public Annual Files 281-360, IOR/L/PJ/6/118:

• Item: Emigration to Surinam; Netherlands Govt reply to Consul Annesley’s unfavourable reports – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/118, File 336  – date: Jan-Feb 1884

10.29 FILE: Judicial and Public Annual Files 1723-1799, IOR/L/PJ/6/187:

• Item: Emigration to Surinam; Mr Percy Castle appointed interpreter; time-expired coolies embarked for Calcutta – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/187, Files 1725 & 1730 – date: 26 & 27 Oct 1886

10.30 FILE: Judicial and Public Annual Files 1945-2030, IOR/L/PJ/6/215:

• Item: Emigration to Cayenne and Surinam; as to any special instructions for Captain Wyndham, Consul for Dutch and French Guiana – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/215, File 1969  – date: 29 Oct 1887

10.31 FILE: Judicial and Public Annual Files 621-730, IOR/L/PJ/6/225:

Item: Emigration to Surinam; application from HM’s Consul to engage a steamer for the purpose of visiting Indian immigrants – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/225, File 720  – date: 17 May 1888

10.32 Emigration to Surinam; payment of interpreter’s salary and remittances to India on account of Indian immigrants  IOR/L/PJ/6/241, File 1913  20 Dec 1888

10.33 FILE: Judicial and Public Annual Files 801-900, IOR/L/PJ/6/227:

• Item: Appointment of M Emile Charriol as Emigration Agent for Surinam at Calcutta – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/227, File 873  – date: 18 Jun 1888

10.34 FILE: Judicial and Public Annual Files 621-730, IOR/L/PJ/6/225:

• Item: Emigration to Surinam; application from HM’s Consul to engage a steamer for the purpose of visiting Indian immigrants – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/225, File 720  – date: 17 May 1888

10.35 Item: Appointment of M Emile Charriol as emigration agent for Surinam – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/229, File 1077  – date: 27 Jul 1888

10.36 FILE: Judicial and Public Annual Files 1101-1199, IOR/L/PJ/6/230:

• Item: Appointment of M Emile Charriol as Emigration Agent for Surinam at Calcutta approved by Govt of India – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/230, File 1108  – date: 2 Aug 1888

10.37 Item: Emigration to Surinam; M Pierre Charriol proposed to be substituted for M Emile Charriol as Emigration Agent at Calcutta – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/230, File 1179  – date: 13 Aug 1888

10.38.Item: Emigration to Surinam; appointment of M. Pierre Charriol as agent at Calcutta – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/231, File 1207  – date: 18 Aug 1888

10.39 FILE: Judicial and Public Annual Files 1291-1389, IOR/L/PJ/6/232:

• Item: Emigration to Surinam; expenditure in connection with visits of inspection by the British Consul- ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/232, File 1367  – date: 25 Aug 1888

10.40 FILE: Judicial and Public Annual Files 1391-1499, IOR/L/PJ/6/233:

• Item: Emigration to Surinam; British Consul’s visits of inspection to estates – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/233, File 1462  – date: 29 Sep 1888

10.41. FILE: Judicial and Public Annual Files 1623-1675, IOR/L/PJ/6/238:

• Item: Emigration to Surinam; interpreter’s salary to be paid direct from India – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/238, File 1630  – date: 31 Oct 1888

10.42 FILE: Judicial and Public Annual Files 1-100, IOR/L/PJ/6/242:

• Item: Emigration to Cayenne and Surinam; receipts for interpreter’s salary – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/242, File 50  – date: 7 Jan 1889

10.43 FILE: Judicial and Public Annual Files 301-400, IOR/L/PJ/6/271:

Item: Emigration to Surinam; removal on political grounds of the Protector of Immigrants and of the Inspector General of Estates and District Hospitals – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/271, File 398  – date: 5 Mar 1890

10.44 Item: Emigration to Surinam; Request for a copy of a Bengal Govt letter on coolie immigration – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/279, File 1096  – date: 25 Jun 1890

10.45 FILE: Judicial and Public Annual Files 401-500, IOR/L/PJ/6/272:

• Item: Emigration to Surinam; proposed appointment of Mr Reelfs as Emigration Agent at Calcutta – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/272, File 449  – date: 13 Mar 1890

10.46.Item: Emigration to Surinam; despatch from HM’s Consul at Paramaribo correcting an error in his previous despatch re coolies at Cayenne – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/272, File 490  – date: 17 Mar 1890

10.47 Item: Emigration to Surinam; Mr Reelfs appointed emigration agent at Calcutta – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/272, File 500  – date: 19 Mar 1890

10.48 FILE: Judicial and Public Annual Files 502-599, IOR/L/PJ/6/273:

Item: Emigration to Surinam; Mr Reelf’s appointment as emigration agent at Calcutta – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/273, File 568  – date: 28 Mar 1890

10.49 FILE: Judicial and Public Annual Files 701-800, IOR/L/PJ/6/276:

• Item: Emigration to Surinam; removal of M. Rosevelt, Protector of Immigrants from office – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/276, File 732  – date: 22 Apr 1890

10.50 Item: Emigration to Surinam; measures taken by the British Consul for the amelioration of the immigrants – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/276, File 738  – date: 24 Apr 1890

10.51 FILE: Judicial and Public Annual Files 1101-1200, IOR/L/PJ/6/280:

Item: Emigration to Surinam; proposed dismissal of Percy Castle, the Indian interpreter to the Consulate – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/280, File 1153  – date: 3 Jul 1890

10.52 Item: British Consulate Cayenne & Surinam; as to India paying a yearly salary to the Vice Consul – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/279, File 1030  – date: 13 Jun 1890

10.53 Item: Emigration to Surinam; proposed dismissal of Percy Castle, the Indian interpreter for continual drunkenness – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/279, File 1075  – date: 24 Jun 1890

10.54 FILE: Judicial and Public Annual Files 1603-1700, IOR/L/PJ/6/286:

• Item: Emigration to Surinam; proposed appointment of a new interpreter – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/286, File 1682  – date: 25 Sep 1890

10.55 FILE: Judicial and Public Annual Files 116-200, IOR/L/PJ/6/294:

• Item: Emigration to Surinam; Mr Neville Morris nominated for post of Indian interpreter to the British Consulate at Paramaribo – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/294, File 198  – date: 14 Jan 1891

10.56 FILE: Judicial and Public Annual Files 314-450, IOR/L/PJ/6/297:

• Item: Emigration to Surinam; appointment of managers and overseers as special constables – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/297, File 326  – date: 21 Feb 1891

10.57 FILE: Judicial and Public Annual Files 531-650, IOR/L/PJ/6/299:

• Item: Emigration to Surinam; copy of a note from HM’s Chargé d’Affaires at the Hague to the Netherlands Govt regarding the appointment of managers and overseers in Surinam as special constables and unsatisfactory administration of the law respecting the treatment of Indian immigrants- ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/299, File 554  – date: 11-23 Mar 1891

10.58 FILE: Judicial and Public Annual Files 1-81, IOR/L/PJ/6/312:

• Item: Emigration to Surinam; Appointment of a new Protector – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/312, File 70  – date: 14 Jan 1892

• Item: Emigration to Surinam; Mr Barnett Lyon appointed new Immigration Agent-General – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/314, File 269 & 271 – date: 15 Feb 1892

10.60 FILE: Judicial and Public Annual Files 471-576, IOR/L/PJ/6/317:

• Item: Emigration to Surinam; arrival of Mr Barnet Lyon, the new Immigration Agent General – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/317, File 560  – date: 30 Mar 1892

10.61 Item: Emigration to Surinam; as to payment of the Consul’s visit to Demerara – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/386, File 2148 – date: 12 Dec 1894

10.62 FILE: Judicial and Public Annual Files 1301-1400, IOR/L/PJ/6/402:

• Item: Emigration to Surinam; appointment of Assistant to the Agent General for Immigration – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/402, File 1388 – date: 17 Aug 1895

10.63 Item: Emigration to Surinam; as to leave allowances of the interpreter – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/369, File 487  – date: 17 Mar 1894

10.64 FILE: Judicial and Public Annual Files 21-99, 127, IOR/L/PJ/6/469:

Item: Emigration to Surinam; Payment of salary of the interpreter attached to the Consulate at Paramaribo – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/469, File 27  – date: 16 Dec 1897-13 Dec 1898

10.65 FILE: Dutch Surinam; A bill of Exchange drawn by HM’s Consul at Paramaribo for wages of an interpreter – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/539, File 855 – date: 3 Apr 1900

10.66 FILE: Judicial and Public Annual Files 1801-1899, IOR/L/PJ/6/520:

• Item: Surinam; bills of the Consul at Paramaribo on account of the salary of the interpreter – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/520, File 1888  – date: 3 Oct 1899

10.67 FILE: Correction of name of Mr Grommers, emigration agent for Surinam – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/592, File 162  – date: 27 Jan 1902

10.68 FILE: Judicial and Public Annual Files 1461-1530, IOR/L/PJ/6/52:

Item: Emigration to Surinam (Dutch Guiana): Question of appointing a British Vice-Consul in addition to the Consul and allowing an interpreter for the Consulate – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/52, File 1462  – date: 10 Sep 1881

XI. Casus Sukdai, casus Westmaas, erfenissen, onderwijs leprozen

11.1 Item: Emigration to Surinam; application from Mr Solomon for release of female emigrant, Sukdai – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/378, Files 1325 & 1348  – date: 28 Jul-21 Aug 1894

11.2 FILE: Judicial and Public Annual Files 201-298, IOR/L/PJ/6/391:

• Item: Emigration to Surinam; application for release from contract by Sukdai, a female immigrant – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/391, File 226  – date: 23 Jan 1895

11.3  FILE: Judicial and Public Annual Files 902-999, IOR/L/PJ/6/398:

Item: Emigration to Surinam; case of the Indian woman, Sukdai – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/398, File 946  – date: 7 Jun 1895

P/4766, pages 407-408 (Pro.no.4, File no.5 of 1895)	Jul 1895 11.4	Case of Sukdai, an Indian immigrant in Surinam
P/4567, page 1053-1061 (Pro.no.7, File no.85)	Oct 1894 11.5	Case of Sukdai, an Indian immigrant in Surinam
P/4766, pages 39-44 (Pros.nos.10 & 11, File no.5)	Jan 1895 11.6	Case of Sukdai, an Indian immigrant in Surinam
P/4766, pages 181-183 (Pro.no.9, File no.21)	Mar 1895 11.7	Frauds committed on Indian immigrants in Surinam by a Mr Westmaas
P/4766, pages 405-406 (Pro.no.3, File no.21 of 1895)	Jul 1895 11.8	Frauds committed by Mr Westmaas on Indian immigrants in Surinam
P/4567, pages 851-852 (Pro.no.9, File no.67)	Jul 1894 11.9	Frauds committed on Indian immigrants in Surinam by an Estate Manager named Westmaas
P/4766, pages 527-528 (Pro.no.6, File no.21 of 1895)	Oct 1895 11.10	Frauds perpetrated on Indian immigrants in Surinam by Mr Westmaas

11.11 FILE: Judicial and Public Annual Files 401-499, IOR/L/PJ/6/369:

• Item: Emigration to Surinam; defrauding of Indian labourers by Mr Westmaas, formerly manager of the Concordia estate – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/369, File 409  – date: 9 Mar 1894

11.12 FILE: Judicial and Public Annual Files 901-999, IOR/L/PJ/6/374:

Item: Emigration to Surinam; frauds committed on coolies by an estate manager named Westmaas – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/374, File 956  – date: 31 May 1894

11.13 FILE: Judicial and Public Annual Files 101-200, IOR/L/PJ/6/390:         .Item: Emigration to Surinam; swindling of Indian labourers by Mr Westmaas – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/390, File 162  – date: 29 Jan 1895

11.14.Item: Emigration to Surinam; swindling of Indian labourers by Mr Westmaas – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/398, File 999  – date: 15 Jun 1895

Erfenissen

L/PJ/3/206, pages 399 and 402	26 Jun 1886 11.15	Disposal of the estates of Indian immigrants dying intestate in the Colony of Surinam
P/1307, pages 1-2 (Pros.nos.1-4, File 33)	Jul 1879 11.16		Estates of Emigrants dying in the Colonies

 

11.17 Item: Emigration to Surinam: Note to the Netherlands Minister for Foreign Affairs on the question of the disposal of the estates of Indian labourers dying intestate and without heirs in the Colonies; and making provision for helpless return immigrants – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/44, File 1034  – date: 14-20 Jul 1881

11.18 Emigration to Surinam: Note to the Netherlands Minister for Foreign Affairs on the question of the disposal of the estates of Indian labourers dying intestate and without heirs in the Colonies; and making provision for helpless return immigrants  IOR/L/PJ/6/44, File 1034  14-20 Jul 1881

11.19 FILE: Judicial and Public Annual Files 35-85, IOR/L/PJ/6/61:

Item: Emigration to Surinam; Disposal of estates of Indians dying intestate and without heirs; provision for helpless returning coolies – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/61, File 39  – date: 6 Jan 1882

11.20 FILE: Judicial and Public Annual Files 1021-1089, IOR/L/PJ/6/180:

• Item: Disposal of the estates of Indian immigrants dying intestate in Surinam and French colonies – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/180, File 1035 – date: 26 Jun 1886

11.21 FILE: Judicial and Public Annual Files 1261-1379, IOR/L/PJ/6/183:

• Item: Emigration to Surinam and French colonies; disposal of estates of Indian immigrants dying intestate – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/183, File 1324 – date: 7 Sep 1886

11.22 FILE: Judicial and Public Annual Files 1640-1722, IOR/L/PJ/6/186:

• Item: Emigration to Surinam; disposal of intestate estates – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/186, File 1692 – date: 22 Oct 1886

11.23 FILE: Judicial and Public Annual Files 57-160, IOR/L/PJ/6/193:

• Item: Emigration to Surinam; estates of Indians dying intestate – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/193, File 158  – date: 27 Jan 1887

11.24 FILE: Judicial and Public Annual Files 331-440, IOR/L/PJ/6/196:

• Item: Emigration to Surinam; procedure for estates of coolies dying intestate – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/196, File 331  – date: 19 Feb 1887

11.25 FILE: Judicial and Public Annual Files 1241-1304, IOR/L/PJ/6/207:

Item: Emigration to Surinam; estates of coolies dying intestate – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/207, File 1278  – date: 19 Jul 1887

Onderwijs

11.26 FILE: Judicial and Public Annual Files 1901-1999, IOR/L/PJ/6/289:

• Item: Emigration to Surinam; Indian native school books asked for by the British Consul – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/289, File 1932  – date: 5 Nov 1890

11.27 Item: Emigration to Surinam; despatch on Indian immigrants’ schools – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/306, File 1635  – date: 3 Oct 1891

11.28 Item: Emigration to Surinam; transmission of school books for the use of emigrants’ schools in Surinam – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/322, File 978  – date: 31 May 1892

11.29 FILE: Judicial and Public Annual Files 126-185, IOR/L/PJ/6/4:

• Item: Copy of a telegram regarding emigration dates for Surinam and Demerara – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/4, File 174  – date: 14 Jan 1880

11.30 Item: Emigration to Surinam; replies to despatches on Indian immigration – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/302, File 1017  – date: 2 Jun 1891

11.31  FILE: Judicial and Public Annual Files 2001-2100, IOR/L/PJ/6/522:

• Item: Schools for the children of British Indian immigrants in Surinam – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/522, File 2097  – date: 2 Nov 1899

11.32 FILE: Judicial and Public Annual Files 1602 – 1696, IOR/L/PJ/6/518:

Item: Emigration to Surinam; report on the education of the children of Indian coolies in Surinam – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/518, File 1629  – date: 26 Aug 1899

11.33 FILE: Judicial and Public Annual Files 2206-2275, IOR/L/PJ/6/362:         Item: Emigration to Surinam; proposed law for compulsory education – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/362, File 2232  – date: 25 Oct 1893

11.34 FILE: Judicial and Public Annual Files 1531-1600, Item: Emigration to Dutch Guiana (Surinam): Visit of the British Consul to the placers on the Marowyne River – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/53, File 1534  – date:17 Jun-11 Oct 1881

11.35 FILE: Judicial and Public Annual Files 1601-1700, IOR/L/PJ/6/54:

• Item: Emigration to Surinam: Despatch from G F Annerley on his accompanying the Immigration Agent General and the Medical Inspector on their annual inspection of estates employing coolies – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/54, File 1619  – date: 22 Sep-25 Oct 1881

11.36 Item: Emigration to Dutch Guiana (Surinam): Renewal of question of objections to the appointment of Mr Buchan (agent to an employer of coolie labourers) as British Vice-Consul in Surinam – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/54, File 1638  – date: 28 Oct 1881

11.37 Item: Emigration to Surinam: visit of the British Consul to estates in the Marowyne River – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/64, File 197  – date: 2 Feb 1882

11.38 Item: Emigration to Surinam; instructions sent to Acting-Consul, Surinam for a report of the proportion of females to males among Indian coolies in the Colony – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/159, File 1405  – date: 3 Aug 1885

11.39 FILE: Judicial and Public Annual Files 1941-2058, IOR/L/PJ/6/190:

Item: Emigration to Surinam; FO acknowledges receipt of SOS letter on coolie immigration to Surinam – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/190, File 1941  – date: 26 Nov 1886

11.40 Item: Emigration to Surinam Despatch on the poll tax affecting Indian immigrants in the colony who have completed their five years’ indenture – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/100, File 1043  – date: 19 May-22 Jun 1883

11.41 Item: Emigration to Surinam; employment of steamers – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/329, File 1683  – date: 10 Oct 1892

11.42 FILE: Judicial and Public Annual Files 1801 – 1900, IOR/L/PJ/6/288:

• Item: Emigration to Surinam; arrival of Javanese immigrants – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/288, File 1815  – date: 16 Oct 1890

11.43 FILE: Judicial and Public Annual Files 1301-1400, IOR/L/PJ/6/378:

• Item: Treatment of Javanese coolies while under transport to Surinam – ref.  IOR/L/PJ/6/378, File 1321  – date: 28 Jul 1894

11.44

P/5442, pages 717-720 (Pro.no.7, File no.16 of 1898)

May 1898 9

Javanese immigration into Surinam and education of coolie children in that colony

Leprozen

11.45 FILE: Judicial and Public Annual Files 1201-1280, IOR/L/PJ/6/281:

Item: Emigration to Surinam; Report on leprosy among British Indian immigrants

11.46

IOR/L/PJ/8/310

1931-1935     1

Coll 108/34 Indians in Surinam and Curacao

Zijn helderwitte overhemd staat in schril contrast met de vrij donkere en sobere voorzitterskamer van de Nationale Assemblee in Paramaribo, waar mr. Jagernath Lachmon een groot deel van zijn tijd doorbrengt. Elk woord dat hij uitspreekt, klinkt zorgvuldig en weloverwogen. Zijn uitnodigende stem en vredige blik in de ogen tonen gastvrijheid en doen elke rimpel van ouderdom verdwijnen. Meer dan een halve eeuw geleden maakte Suriname voor het eerst kennis met deze standvastige volksvertegenwoordiger, eerst als advocaat en daarna als politicus voor achtergestelden. Anno 2001 is zijn gezaghebbende persoon niet meer weg te denken uit de politiek. Op 21 september werd hij 85 jaar en zit hij zijn partij, de VHP (eerst Verenigde Hindostaanse Partij, toen Vatan Hitkari Partij en sedert 1973 Vooruitstrevende Hervormings Partij) al bijna 50 jaar voor. Hij is de langst zittende parlementariër en hanteert de voorzittershamer momenteel voor de vijfde maal. En toch is politiek niet alles voor hem.

Lachmon is elke ochtend al om 5.00 uur wakker en ‘dingen’ aan het doen, terwijl de eerste zonnestralen nog bezig zijn hun weg te banen richting Suriname. Hij zit vol met spirituele en filosofische inzichten, houdt van denken en begint daar de dag ook mee. Hij evalueert de vorige dag, gaat na wat er al of niet fout is gegaan, neemt zijn dagprogramma door en bekijkt bovenal alles vanuit de wet der natuur (“Ik begin elke redevoering met een voorbeeld uit de natuur.”). Hij somt zijn bezigheden verder op: zeer nauwkeurig het nieuws volgen, besprekingen voeren op zijn advocatenkantoor, vergaderingen leiden of bijwonen. Mede vanwege zijn drukke programma kent Lachmon geen vast eetpatroon. Zijn favoriete hobby, hengelen, gaf hij recentelijk op nadat zijn beste vriend S.D. Tewarie kwam te overlijden. Op jonge leeftijd speelde hij wel eens cricket en zwom hij. Als charmeur was ook het nachtelijk leven hem niet onbekend. Zijn eerste huwelijk eindigde in een scheiding en na het overlijden van zijn tweede vrouw huwde hij Fouwziya Alima Lilian Sovan. “Ze heeft het soms best wel moeilijk. Ik hou er namelijk van om alleen te zijn en in alle stilte na te denken.”

Lachmon vertelt lachend dat hij als kleine jongen, afkomstig uit het rijstdistrict Nickerie, ervan droomde ooit rijk, erg knap (in verstandelijke zin – red.) en een leider te zijn. “Ik heb altijd een speciaal verlangen gehad om iets goeds te doen en een goede redenaar te zijn. Ja, … ik wilde wel een leider zijn.” Maar u bent toch een leider? Nog harder lachend zegt Lachmon op bescheiden toon dat anderen daar maar over moeten oordelen en hij wijst naar zijn rechterhand – letterlijk en figuurlijk – Ram Sardjoe, die het gesprek met de nodige feiten aanvult. Lachmon gaat veel op zijn gevoel af: “Ik handel meestal gevoelsmatig. In de regel is het goed, maar als ik iets fout doe en mij ervan bewust ben, corrigeer ik dat.”

“Ik voelde dat het land alleen door samen te werken te redden was.”

Verbroederingspolitiek, een ideologie gericht op onderlinge acceptatie, politiek samengaan en het kweken van een besef van nationale eenheid en gezamenlijke lotsbestemming, is Lachmon’s stokpaardje. “Mijn gevoel heeft ertoe geleid dat ik de verbroederingspolitiek ben gaan voeren. Jopie (Johan Adolf Pengel, voormalig leider van de creoolse partij, NPS – red.) en ik voelden dat het land slechts door samenwerking te redden was.” Lachmon refereert aan de onjuiste wijze waarop mensen werden behandeld, zoals Jopie, een volksjongen, en hijzelf. Men beschouwde hem niet als een redenaar, maar als een polderjongen. “We besloten samen op te trekken en dat was het begin van het samengaan van volksjongen en polderjongen. Ik heb altijd onthouden wat mijn moeder tegen mij zei: ‘Als je leeft als een krokodil, moet je weten dat het ene dier het andere in het water kan overwinnen. Je moet leren samenwerken. Ondanks felle kritiek vanuit eigen elederen en van buitenaf bleef de VHP-voorman vasthouden aan zijn leologie. Hij was ervan overtuigd dat alleen op deze manier naar nationale eenheid kon worden gewerkt. Dat hij enkel en alleen voor Hindostanen zou hebben gewerkt, berust in zijn ogen niet op waarheid. “Zonder de NPS hadden wij geen polders en zonder de VHP waren er geen volkshuizen. Het is maar vanuit welke optiek je het wilt bekijken. Door voor Hindostanen op te komen, hebben we juist het streven aar nationale eenheid bewerkstelgd. Het gaat mij niet zozeer om opheffing van ongelijkheden, maar om het hebben van gelijke rechten.”

Wat is de mooiste en grootste verworvenheid- in zijn politieke carrière? Zonder ook maar één seconde na te denken zegt Lachmon vol trots “de instelling van het Algemeen Kiesrecht voor zowel mannen als vrouwen in 1948”. In tegenstelling tot zijn directe, enthousiaste reactie over zijn ‘mooie fnoment’ weet hij niet zo snel of hij het teiders zou doen als hij weer 30 jaar zou zijn. “Alles komt met de tijd …” zegt hij diep nadenkend. Zelfverzekerd onthult Lachmon zijn geheim hoe het hem is gelukt de langst zittende parlementariër te zijn. “Nooit onwaarheden aan kiezers zeggen. Bewust met een felheid handelen en nooit iets vertellen wat niet goed lijkt en eerder kwaad kan veroorzaken.” De nog immer bruisende politicus kijkt met een tevreden blik terug op zijn leven dat hij naar eigen zeggen nuttig heeft besteed. Hij heeft de roeping gehad zich verdienstelijk te maken voor de gemeenschap. “Politiek is niet alles voor mij. Politiek is een deel van mij. Veel mensen weten dat niet”, zegt hij. De nestor van de Surinaamse politiek is van 1949 tot 1980 onafgebroken lid geweest van de Surinaamse volkstvertegenwoordiging, eerst Staten van Suriname en na de onafhankelijkheid, het Parlement van Suriname. Tweemaal was hij voorzitter van de Staten (1964-1967 en 1969-1973). Na het einde van het militaire regime keerde hij eind 1987 weer terug, nu als lid van Hp Nationale Assemblee, welk college u voor de derde maal voorzit.

Als Lachmon de keus had om op de met iemand te poseren, dan zou met zijn guru Mahatma Gandhi “Ik heb altijd zijn voeten willen aanraken, maar voordat ik het geld bij elkaar kon schrapen om de reis naar India te bekostigen, werd hij doodgeschoten. Ik heb daar veel spijt van. Maar als ik met grote problemen zit, wend ik mij tot hem en kijk naar zijn foto die in mijn kantoor hangt.” En met wie zou hij op een eiland of in een gesloten kamer, afgesloten van de buitenwereld, willen zitten? Dat kan, wat hem betreft, elke willekeurige persoon zijn “zolang ik maar met die persoon kan praten. Betrokkene moet filosofisch zijn ingesteld, niet materialistisch denken, politiek weldenkend zijn en genoeg daadkracht bezitten”, aldus een energieke Lachmon. Realistisch erkent hij dat hij er op een dag niet meer zal zijn. De ideale persoon om de VHP-voorzittersrol van hem over te nemen, moet in zijn ogen acceptabel zijn voor alle burgers en in het belang van Suriname kunnen werken. Aan jongeren die nog geen politieke keus hebben gemaakt, geeft de VHP-gigant het volgende mee: “Doe met alles mee, met behoud van je normen en waarden; doe niet aan cultuurvernietiging en kijk waar je denkt je thuis te voelen.” Dit gevoel is voor Lachmon heel belangrijk. In tegenstelling tot andere politici draagt hij geen kleding in partijkleuren, maar gaat altijd gekleed in een.wit overhemd met korte mouwen en een donkere pantalon. En indien nodig een donkerblauwe stropdas en colbert erbij. “Ik hoef ’s morgens dan niet te kiezen wat ik ga dragen of welke combinatie ik zal aantrekken. Hierin voel ik me lekker en comfortabel.”

Foto’s: Hindorama – Ranu Abhelakh

Eerder verschenen in tijdschrift Hindorama, september/oktober 2001

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